知覺屈就與工作－家庭衝突：目標導向的調節作用

知覺屈就的研究多著重在工作場域的探討，然而工作與家庭密不可分，不應忽略知覺屈就對工作家庭介面的影響，例如：工作－家庭衝突（work-to-family conflict, WFC）。究竟知覺屈就與WFC的關係如何？過去學者卻提出了正向與負向兩種論述。可能的原因有兩項：一是知覺屈就包含「知覺才非所用」與「知覺高才低就」兩個面向，因內涵差異而有不同的效果；二是有調節因子的存在，如個體的目標導向。不同目標導向的個體在面對困境時的反應具有個別差異，尤其是個體在負面情境下對資訊的解讀。本研究將適配理論、相對剝奪理論與外溢理論整合，以探討知覺屈就（知覺才非所用、知覺高才低就）與各類型WFC的關係，並納入目標導向為調節變項。研究設計採取多個時間點（間隔兩週），最終獲得274份有效樣本，並以階層迴歸進行假設檢驗。研究結果顯示：（1）知覺才非所用與時間導向WFC、壓力導向WFC皆具有正相關。（2）當個體的學習目標導向高時，知覺高才低就與壓力導向WFC具有正相關；當個體的證明目標導向低時，知覺高才低就與壓力導向WFC具有正相關。本研究初步證實了雙構面知覺屈就與不同類型WFC的關係，並凸顯出個體差異的調節效果。

關鍵字

知覺屈就；才非所用；高才低就；工作－家庭衝突；目標導向

並列摘要

The study of perceived overqualification mostly focused on the workplace. However, work and family are inseparable. The effect of perceived overqualification on the work-family interface should not be ignored, such as work-to-family conflict (WFC). What is the relationship between perceived overqualification and WFC? In the past, scholars proposed positive and negative inferences. There are two possible reasons: one is that perceived overqualification includes the two dimensions of "perceived mismatch" and "perceived overeducated", which have different effects due to differences in meaning; second, there are moderate factors, such as goal orientation. The responses of individuals with different goal orientations are different when facing a difficult situation, especially their interpretation of information when in negative situations. In this study, we integrated the fit theory, relative deprivation theory, and spillover theory to explore the relationship between perceived overqualification (perceived mismatch and perceived overeducated) and different types of WFC as well as incorporate goal orientation as a moderator. This study adopted multiple-time design (with two weeks lag), at the end, 274 valid samples are obtained, and used hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The results show that: (1) perceived overqualification is positively related to time- and strain-based WFC. (2) Individual’s learning goal orientation is found to strengthen the relationship between perceived overqualification and strain-based WFC. In addition, individual’s proving goal orientation is found to weaken the relationship between perceived overqualification and strain-based WFC. This study preliminary confirmed the relationship between the dual-dimension of perceived overqualification and different types of WFC, and pointed out that individual differences will moderate this relationship.

並列關鍵字

perceived overqualification ； perceived mismatch ； perceived overeducated ； work-to-family conflict ； goal orientation

參考文獻

Dawson, J. F. (2014). Moderation in management research: What, why, when, and how. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7

行政院主計總處（2020）：《人力資源調查統計年報》。行政院主計總處國勢普查處人力調查科。