在台灣無穩定住屋女性與收容設施的相互關係

摘要本篇論文旨在了解在台灣的無穩定住屋女性發展地方依附（place attachment）的條件、探討這群女性與其所（曾）居住的收容設施的相互關係。本篇論文企圖促成各方面的行動以催生更多有利於無穩定住屋女性發展地方依附的收容設施環境，使無穩定住屋女性免於陷入（或脫離原本）無穩定住屋的惡性循環，點亮其邁向自立、奪回「家」——這個父權的黑手用來「懲罰」離「家」女性的工具——的希望。本篇論文採取半結構式的深度訪談法與參與式觀察法作為研究方法。研究者於 2020 年 7 月底至 2021 年 3 月中期間，訪談了分別（曾）居住於五座收容設施的十四位受訪者，並針對其中四座收容設施輔以參與式觀察。本篇論文以後殖民女性主義（postcolonial feminism）的視角作為重要的分析工具，強調無穩定住屋女性所面臨的多重壓迫之間的交織性（intersectionality）。本篇論文的學術定位在於填補目前學術研究體系尚未著墨之處，包含針對國內收容設施的賦權行動、不同的性別主流化（gender mainstreaming）（性別隔離或混合）空間策略的經驗研究。本研究結果顯示，家人網絡的情感支持、安全感與控制、好好休息、生活所需的硬體設備、自由與尊重、與外在世界的連結、時間上的認同、永恆與連續性、社會地位的象徵都是在台灣無穩定住屋女性發展地方依附所需的重要價值。然而，在父權家庭意識形態的支配下，這些女性無論過去住在家中、露宿或居住於收容設施中，經常都面臨上述價值受到剝奪的困境。相較之下，管理與空間方面的賦權以及純女性收容設施的供應則有助於強化無穩定住屋女性對於環境的控制力以及情感支持程度，進而提升其對所居住的收容設施的地方依附。

關鍵字

家；無穩定住屋女性；收容設施；賦權；地方依附

並列摘要

Abstract This essay aims at understanding the conditions women without stable housing in Taiwan need to develop place attachment, exploring the interrelationship between these women and the shelter facilities they stay (have stayed). This essay attempts to bring about action in all aspects to accelerate more shelter facilities which encourage the development of place attachment for these women, keep these women from falling into (or get these women detached from) the vicious cycle of being without stable housing, and light up their hope for heading toward independent living and reclaiming “home” —the tool used by the claws of patriarchy to punish runaway women. This essay adopts semi-structured in-depth interview method and participant observation method as the research method. The researchers interviewed 14 interviewees living (having lived) in five shelter facilities respectively and conducted participant observation among four of the shelter facilities as an auxiliary, dating from the end of July, 2020 to the middle of March, 2021. This essay uses the perspective of postcolonial feminism as an important analytical tool, emphasizing the intersectionality of the multiple oppressions women without stable housing suffer. The academic contribution of this essay is the fulfillment of the gaps in the present body of academic research, including the empirical research of the empowerment action and the different space strategies for gender mainstreaming (gender segregation or mixing) of domestic shelter facilities. The result of this study shows that the emotional support from family networks, security and control, adequate rest, physical equipment needed for living, freedom and respect, connection to the external world, temporal identity, eternity and continuity , symbols of social status are all important values required to develop place attachment for women without stable housing in Taiwan. However, under the domination of patriarchal family ideology, these women often faced the dilemma of deprivation of these values, whether they lived at home, sleep rough or stay in shelters in the past. In comparison, empowerment in management and space and the providing of women-only facility help enhance the control over the environment and emotional support for women without unstable housing, and thereby raise their place attachment to the shelter facilities they stay.