福利資源過度使用之研究—服務提供者觀點之分析

本研究旨在從服務提供者的觀點，探討福利資源過度使用的現象、形成因素及因應方式，透過相關的文獻檢閱，發現目前的與福利資源過度使用的相關討論大多著重於經濟層面（in cash），亦即福利依賴，本研究除了探討經濟層面以外，亦試圖找出實物層面（in kind）的福利資源過度使用情形，及瞭解服務提供者對於此現象的看法、認為之形成因素及因應方式。本研究採質性研究方法，透過立意取樣，選取十名資深的服務提供者（實務年資為三年以上），藉由訪談方式蒐集資料。研究發現歸納如下：一、福利資源過度使用的現象經濟層面（in cash）：分為六種情形：「資產條件不符」、「福利資源的索求」、「不正確的心態」、「視資源申請為例行工作」、「政治因素的介入」。實物層面（in kind）：分成服務面及心理面，服務面有「福利服務政策美意的誤解」、「服務資源的浪費/濫用」、「服務提供者的無所不能」；心理面則有：「情感依賴（負向）」、「情感依賴（正向）」、「情感依賴不存在」。二、福利資源過度使用的形成因素經濟層面（in cash）歸納出以下四大因素：「外部環境因素」、「內部管理因素」、「個人因素」、「其他因素」。實物層面（in kind）：服務面部分有「外部環境因素」及「個人因素」；心理面部分則有「個人因素」。三、福利資源過度使用的因應方式經濟層面（in cash）與實物層面（in kind）的服務面皆可從「政策面」及「實務面」著手，而實物層面的心理面則是歸納出「實務面」的因應方式。依據上述研究結果，研究者分別對「政策方面」、「實務方面」以及「研究方面」提出相關建議。

關鍵字

福利資源；過度使用；依賴；福利依賴

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was from the service provider's perspectives to explore the phenomenon of overuse of welfare resources, form factors and coping. The literature review found that the current overuse of welfare resources related discussions tend to focus on the “in cash”, that is, welfare dependency. In addition to discussion of “in cash”, this study trying to figure out overuse of “in kind” welfare resources, and understanding of providers perspectives of this phenomenon, form factors and coping. This study used qualitative research methods, through purposive sampling to select the ten senior service providers (practice years for more than three years). Findings are summarized as follows: 1.The phenomenon of overuse of welfare resources: “In cash” divided into six dimensions: asset conditions inconsistent, welfare resources to demand, incorrect attitude, subject to the availability of resources to apply for routine work, political factors involved . “In kind” divided into service and psychological dimensions. Services dimensions involves “misunderstanding of welfare policy”, “ wasting of service resources", and" service provider omnipotent". Psychological dimensions involves "emotional dependence(negative)”, “emotional dependence(positive)”,and emotional dependence does not exist". 2. The overuse of welfare resources factors: “In cash” summarized the following four factors: the external environmental factors, "internal factors", "personal factors", and "other factors". Services dimensions of “In kind” involves external environmental factors and personal factors; psychological part involves "personal factors". 3. The coping of overusing welfare resources: “In cash” and services dimensions of “in kind” available to proceed from the “policy” and “practical” side. Psychological dimensions of “in kind” is summed up the" practical side ". According to the results of this study, the researcher has some "policy", "practical aspects" and "research" suggestions.