資訊教師知識分享與其潛在社會網路

Knowledge Sharing of ICT Teachers and its Underlying Social Networks

林芳苓(Fang-Ling Lin)

指導教授 ： 邱貴發 博士

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/資訊教育學系/博士(2010年)

摘要

本論文研究知識分享背後之社會現象，包含兩個研究階段。在第一個研究階段中，發展一個包含知識分享論壇的線上實務社群。 此階段的目標在建立支援專業發展且由參與者自主的線上社群。第二個研究階段則探討知識分享者的潛在社會網路，期能發現有利於促進知識分享的社會關係，找出資訊組長之間知識分享的缺陷，及探討他們專業發展的需求。
研究以社會實踐理論為基礎，運用知識聲望的概念驗證個人社會網路之關係屬性、位置優勢與知識轉介機會。研究使用社會網路分析之自我中心網路方法進行訪談,調查及相關分析處理，應用二次式分派程序(quadratic assignment procedure, QAP)計算多元關係之間的相關性，使用徑路分析檢驗知識聲望與個人知識分享關係屬性的相關性，及使用多元迴歸探討資訊組長在校際間的關係屬性與知識聲望的相關性。
研究結果證明以知識聲望作為知識分享指標的可行性，同時也揭露出大部分的資訊組長個人知識網路薄弱，他們在資訊科技實務分享網路與資訊融入教學實務分享網路的對象並不相似。具有較高知識聲望的資訊組長貢獻知識給線上社群比貢獻知識給其他學校的資訊組長機會高；因此他們較少發展幫助其他學校資訊組長的網路；同時他們也只與幫助過他們的資訊組長發展較密切的關係。線上知識貢獻這因素對於個人知識網路有限的資訊組長獲得知識聲望有中介效果。知識貢獻網路中的結構洞也有促進知識聲望的效果。資訊融入教學種子學校的資訊組長能將知識仲介給其他學校資訊組長。
此研究發展出使用聲望代替工作績效做為知識工作者的指標，以檢查知識分享的特性及說明它可應用於實務社群的研究。本研究結果能說明資訊組長社群中知識傳遞缺乏的現象。本研究的發現也可關連到其他領域的資訊科技實務。

關鍵字

知識分享 ； 知識管理 ； 社會網路 ； 實務社群 ； 聲望 ； 結構洞 ； 仲介

並列摘要

This dissertation investigates the social phenomena behind knowledge sharing. It encompasses two research stages. In the first stage, an online community of practice that uses open discussion forums is developed. The objective is to create a self-sustaining online community that supports professional development. In the second stage, the social networks underlying knowledge sharing are explored with the objectives of uncovering facilitative relationships, ascertaining the deficiencies of knowledge sharing among school technology coordinators (STCs), and exploring the coordinators’ needs for professional development.
A concept of knowledge prestige was proposed on the basis of the theory of social practices, and hypotheses were developed to verify the relational properties of personal networks, positional advantages, and brokerage opportunities. Social network analysis (SNA) was applied to conduct the egocentric network interview, surveys, and related analyses. The quadratic assignment procedure (QAP) was used to compute the correlations of multiplex relationships. Path analysis was applied to examine the association between knowledge prestige and the relational properties of personal knowledge sharing. Multiple regression equations were used to explore the association between relational properties across school boundaries and knowledge prestige.
The results verified the usability of knowledge prestige as an indicator of knowledge sharing. The results also revealed that most STCs have weak personal knowledge networks. The network correlates of ICT practices and ICT-in-education practices are not similar. Prestigious STCs engage more in contributing knowledge to online communities than to STCs at other schools. They do not expend as much effort in helping other STCs and intimately reciprocate only to a smaller group from which they themselves have received advice. Online knowledge contributions have mediation effects for STCs who own limited personal networks, enabling them to acquire prestige. The structural hole of knowledge contribution affects knowledge prestige. STCs of ICT-in-education exemplar schools can act as information brokers to STCs of other schools.
Several new ways of evaluating the performance of knowledge sharing have been developed during the present research. This research uses prestige, rather than job evaluations, as an indicator for knowledge-intensive workers, to examine the characteristics of knowledge sharing and demonstrate applicability to studies of a community of practices. The results reveal deficiencies in knowledge dissemination among STC communities. These findings hold relevance for studies on the information technology practices of other professionals.

並列關鍵字

Knowledge Sharing ； Knowledge Management ； Social Networks ； Community of Practices ； Prestige ； Structural Hole ； Brokerage

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