幼兒性別角色概念之探究

A Study of Young Children's Gender-role Concepts

彭佳鎂

指導教授 ： 何慧敏

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/人類發展與家庭學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究旨在瞭解幼兒的性別角色概念與家長對幼兒性別角色概念的影響。因此，除探究幼兒自身的性別角色概念及分析男女幼兒的性別角色概念是否不同外，並試圖找出家長與幼兒性別角色概念的關係。本研究採取質性研究方法進行，以台北市一所公立國小附設幼稚園中的14位幼兒（7位男幼兒、7位女幼兒）和9位家長（8位媽媽、1位爸爸）為本研究的參與者，14位幼兒皆接受以圖卡為輔助工具的個別訪談，而14位中的9位幼兒（4位男幼兒、5位女幼兒）還接受了焦點訪談，本研究亦訪談了參與焦點訪談幼兒的家長。根據研究發現：

一、幼兒自身的性別角色概念仍傾向傳統刻板印象。
二、男童與女童之間的性別角色概念大同小異。
三、家長對幼兒性別角色概念仍有潛移默化之影響，而「手足」與「生
活廣度」亦為家長以外的影響因素。
四、幼兒對跨越傳統性別行為的情形多表現出負面的評語，認為男
生越界是噁心，女生沒有能力可以越界，此現象壓制了可能的「性
別跨界行為」。
五、在幼兒的想法裡，仍有一些特定的行為或特質是男女之間無法共
享或跨越的。

關鍵字

幼兒 ； 性別角色 ； 家長

並列摘要

This study aims to understand young children’s gender-role concepts and the influence of parents on their children’s gender-role concepts. It includes understanding children’s own gender-role concepts, analyzing the differences between the boys’ and girls’ gender-role concepts, and trying to discover the relationship between parents’ and children’s gender-role concepts. This study involves 14 kindergarten children (7 boys, 7 girls) and 9 parents (8 mothers, 1 father). Regarding the process of this research, 14 children were interviewed with pictures in the beginning. In addition, 9 of 14 (4 boys and 5 girls) children were interviewed again by the way of focus group (boys group/girls group). Finally, parents of the 9 children were interviewed. The results of this study are as follows:

a.Children’s gender-role concepts still have the tendency toward the traditional stereotype of gender-role.

b.When comparing the boys’ to the girls’ gender-role concepts, they are almost the same.

c.Parents do have influence on their children’s gender-role concepts. However, siblings and life span are also factors influencing children’s gender-role concepts.

d.Children have negative comments on non-traditional gender-role behaviors. For example, they feel disgusting when boys do something traditionally done by girls. And they think that girls don’t have the ability to do things that normally boys do. These points of views may limit children to do other gender’s behaviors.

e.Children think there are certain behaviors and characteristics that belong only to male or female.

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