民國73年版高中科學課程架構與教科書研發歷程之探討

Historical Research on the Development of the 1984 Version of the Senior Secondary School Science Curriculum and Textbooks in Taiwan

陳昭錦(Chao-Chin Chen)

指導教授 ： 譚克平

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/科學教育研究所/博士(2011年)

摘要

民國73年版的高中科學課程及教科書，發軔於民國六十年代科學課程的改革，並於民國73年至89年在全國高中實施，是我國基礎科學課程架構及統整課程的濫觴，在中學科學教育發展史上具有里程碑的意義。本研究從歷史的角度採用質性研究方法，透過搜尋及分析現存相關史料及文獻，並佐以口述訪談補充現有資料之不足的方式，探討民國73年版高中科學課程開發的模式與架構，包括瞭解當時改革的背景、課程發展與成型、課程標準修訂、教科書編寫以及試驗教學等各階段的執行歷程，期能從中萃取可供現今課程與教科書發展機構或研究人員參考的經驗與啟示。研究結果顯示該課程改革是肇因於其時國家發展與經濟建設的需求，回應社會對中學教育的期待，以及發展本土化課程的呼聲而啟動。其課程架構研發及教科書編寫歷程結合科學家、課程專家、心理學家及高中教師的團隊合作，採用研究與發展策略編輯試用教材，再經過數次試驗教學及研究，據此研訂正式課程標準，並規畫相關師資調訓以及推廣實施計畫，不僅奠定之後高中科學課程架構的基礎，同時也培育了教科書發展與編寫人才，並且提升了其時科學教師的素質。此種科學課程與教科書發展模式，至今仍值得各級課程研發機構或研究人員參考。

關鍵字

後期中等教育 ； 科學教育史 ； 科學課程 ； 教科書發展 ； 課程發展 ； 課程實驗

並列摘要

With the foundation of the curriculum reform in science in 1970s, a new version of the senior secondary school science curriculum together with a set of centralized textbooks came into use in Taiwan in 1984 and lasted until 2000. The 1984 version represented the beginning of the fundamental science curriculum framework for senior secondary school that marked a significant milestone in the history of Taiwan’s senior secondary school science education. The purpose of the study is to identify the rationale and background information behind the development and finalization of the 1984 version of the senior secondary school science curriculum framework as well as its developmental stages through the revision of curriculum standards, the compilation of textbooks and the subsequent teaching experiment. It is hoped that the findings will serve as a reference for current and future curriculum developers and textbook designers. This study adopted a qualitative and interpretive approach to locate and analyze historical documents and written records from a historical viewpoint. Interviews were conducted to supplement for information that were not found in print form. The result of the study indicated that the curriculum reform that set the stage for the 1984 curriculum was induced by the national development and economic construction at that time. The curriculum was launched as a fulfillment of the expectation of the general public on senior secondary schools and answered the call for localized curricula. The 1984 version of the science curriculum and textbooks was a result of the joint effort of scientists, curriculum specialists, psychologists and senior secondary school teachers. The formal curriculum standards were established after the team had designed their research and development strategy, compiled experimental learning materials, conducted a long-term teaching experiment as well as rounds of evaluation and revisions. Meanwhile, they hosted training sessions for teachers prior to and during the implementation of the curriculum. Not only had this approach laid the groundwork for designing the senior secondary school science curriculum framework for Taiwan, but had also trained researchers to write and develop textbooks along with enhancing the competency of science teachers. This model of science curriculum and textbooks development still merits the attention of current curriculum developers and textbook designers at all levels.

並列關鍵字

curriculum development ； curriculum experiment ； history of science education ； science curriculum ； senior secondary education ； textbook development

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