女子排球選手沙地起跳動作之運動生物力學研究

The Sports Biomechanical Analysis of Takeoff Movement by Female Volleyball Players on Sand Surface

陳膺成(Ying-Cheng Chen)

指導教授 ： 黃長福

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/博士(2012年)

摘要

本研究之主要目的有二個部分：一、透過3D運動學的分析，來了解沙灘女子排球選手與室內排球選手在沙地起跳時，動作結構的差異。二、透過下肢肌群的肌電訊號分析，來了解沙灘女子排球選手與室內排球選手在沙地起跳時，下肢肌群在不同分期的施力方式與差異。以八位女子「沙灘選手」、八位「優秀選手」與八位「次優選手」為研究對象，以二部Casio EX-FH20數位攝影機(210Hz)與一套Noraxon肌電量測系統(1000Hz)進行同步，擷取三組受試者在沙灘排球場地跨步起跳動作的運動生物力學參數。以單因子變異數分析來檢測所測得之運動學參數與下肢肌群肌電訊號，再以費雪氏法進行事後比較，統計顯著水準定為α=.05。本研究之主要結果為：一、「沙灘選手」有較佳的起跳合速度與起跳垂直速度，所以有最大的跳躍高度，和接近垂直的起跳角度。「沙灘選手」的助跑步幅最小，且有向上跳躍的動作，所以右腳支撐期時間最短。且「沙灘選手」有較大的下蹲緩衝角度，所以下蹲期緩衝最長，而下肢關節活動角度較大，也導致有較長的蹬伸期，能有效提升跳躍高度。二、三組受試者在起跳過程中，主要肌群的施力順序呈現相似的趨勢：右腳支撐期為股直肌與股內側肌；下蹲期為股內側肌與股直肌，但腓腸肌與股二頭肌有逐漸增加的趨勢；蹬伸期為腓腸肌、脛前肌與股二頭肌。「沙灘選手」在整個起跳過程中下肢五個肌群的活化程度皆大於另二組受試者，表示「沙灘選手」的下肢肌群在沙地起跳時有較佳的活化現象，且下肢肌群間施力順序有更佳的適應性。

關鍵字

女子排球選手 ； 沙灘排球 ； 起跳動作 ； 肌電圖

並列摘要

The two purposes of this study were: 1. To investigate the differences of take-off movement structure on sand surface between beach volleyball players and indoor volleyball players through 3D kinematics analyze. 2. To investigate the differences of lower limb muscles contraction in different phases of take-off movement between beach volleyball players and indoor volleyball players, through electromyography signal analysis. There were eight female beach volleyball players, eight female elite indoor volleyball players, and eight female intermediate indoor volleyball players as the participates for this study. Two Casio EX-FH20 digital cameras(210Hz) were synchronized with Noraxon EMG system(1000Hz) to collect the biomechanical parameters during the participates performing straddle jump movement on sand surface. Differences among 3 groups mean values of straddle jump performance were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Scheffe-posteriori. Statistical significance was set at α=.05. The results showed that: 1. The “beach volleyball players” possess greater takeoff velocity and the greater jump height with a nearly vertical take-off angle. Also, the “beach volleyball players” possess the shortest approach steps which contain the movement of take-off; therefore, they possess the shortest right foot support phase. Moreover, the “beach volleyball players” possess the greater cushion angle of squating; therefore, they possess the longest downward phase. Their greater movable angle of the lower limbs also creates the longer upward phase, which enables a greater jump height. 2. During the take-off, the three participates' main muscles show the similar working sequence: Rectus Femoris and Vastus Medialis in the right foot support phase; Vastus Medialis and Rectus Femoris in the downward phase, with the increasing influence of Gastrocnemius and Biceps Femoris; Gastrocnemius, Tibialis Anterior and Biceps Femoris in the upward phase. During the whole take-off process of the “beach volleyball players”, their five muscles on the lower limbs are all activated to a greater extent than those of the other two groups. This fact shows that during the take-off, the “beach volleyball players” lower limb muscles are better activated with a better adaption on sand surface .

並列關鍵字

female players ； beach volleyball ； takeoff movement ； EMG

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