高雄縣某國小高年級學童口腔衛生習慣之相關因素研究

The Oral Hygiene Habits and Its Influential Determinants Among Elementary School Students in Kaohsiung

游尚霖(Shang-Lin Yu)

指導教授 ： 呂昌明

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/衛生教育學系/碩士(2001年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在於瞭解國小高年級學童從事口腔衛生習慣之現況，並探討背景因素與社會心理因素與國小高年級學童從事口腔衛生習慣之關係。本研究以民國九十學年度第二學期就讀於高雄縣某國小五、六年級之學生為研究對象進行抽樣，並利用自填式問卷方式進行資料收集，共得有效樣本272人。所得資料以t-test、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，重要結果歸納如下：
一、在過去半年內，有73.6％的研究對象在吃過三餐後有時或經常會刷牙，而有近四成的研究對象很少在吃過點心、零食後刷牙，有超過四成的研究對象很少在餐後使用牙線，有四成五的研究對象在過去一年內看牙醫做定期口腔檢查的習慣有二次或二次以上，但仍有半數以上的研究對象並未做到半年一次的定期口腔檢查。
二、本研究的研究對象，家庭社經地位偏高，多屬中、高社經地位；在學業成績方面，多數的研究對象的學業成績表現是屬於中等的；而研究對象口腔衛生知識屬中上程度。
三、研究對象大致上都有良好的口腔衛生態度；在口腔衛生社會支持方面，普遍獲得不錯的支持度；在口腔衛生自我效能方面，也都能擁有頗佳的口腔衛生自我效能；而在口腔衛生控握信念，研究對象則大多是屬於內控者。
四、研究對象的背景因素與整體口腔衛生習慣的關係中，年級、性別、社經地位、學業成績、口腔衛生知識與口腔衛生習慣皆未達統計上顯著差異。
五、在社會心理因素與整體口腔衛生習慣的關係中，除了口腔衛生控握信念與口腔衛生習慣無顯著正相關之外，口腔衛生態度、口腔衛生社會支持、口腔衛生自我效能與口腔衛生習慣呈顯著正相關。
六、口腔衛生態度、口腔衛生社會支持、口腔衛生自我效能共三個變項對整體口腔衛生習慣變異的解釋力為29.3％。其中，在這些變項中，又以「口腔衛生自我效能」對研究對象之口腔衛生習慣的解釋力最大，其次為「口腔衛生社會支持」。

關鍵字

口腔衛生習慣 ； 國小高年級學童

並列摘要

The purposes of this study are to investigate the oral hygiene habits of the elementary school students, and to identify factors that may influence students' oral hygiene habits. By using a stratified random sampling method, 272 students were selected to participate in this survey. Data were collected by a self-administrated questionnaire in the school in March 2002. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.
The main findings of the present study were as follows:
1.About 73.6% of the subjects usually or sometimes brush their teeth after meals, and about 40% of the subjects seldom brush their teeth after eating snack. Over 40% of the subjects rarely use of dental floss after meals. In the past year, half of the subjects did not visit dentist twice a year.
2.Many subjects’ socio-economic statuses were belong to middle or high class. Most subjects' school performance were middle. The subjects' oral hygiene knowledge were better than normal population.
3.The subjects' oral hygiene attitude and oral hygiene self-efficacy were good. Moreover, the subjects' social support of oral hygiene habits were high and most subjects' were internals in aspect of oral hygiene locus of control.
4.In terms of demographic characteristics, oral hygiene knowledge and oral hygiene locus of control variables, there were no significant differences on subjects' oral hygiene habits.
5.The subjects' oral hygiene habits were significantly associated with oral hygiene attitude, oral hygiene social support and oral hygiene self-efficacy.
6.The psychosocial variables including oral hygiene attitude, oral hygiene social support and oral hygiene self-efficacy explained 29.3 % total variance of oral hygiene habits. In these three variables, oral hygiene self-efficacy was the best predictor of oral hygiene habits, following by oral hygiene social support.

並列關鍵字

oral hygiene habits ； elementary school students

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