本研究之主要目的在於比較受保護處分少年家長人格特質、教養態度、親子關係、家庭環境與一般少年的差異情形;分析社會人口學變項的差異情形;以及了解家長人格特質與家庭環境對於教養態度與親子關係的預測作用。 本研究以立意抽樣方式,取得新竹地方法院、雲林地方法院、花蓮地方法院以及高雄少年法院裁定保護處分(含感化教育、保護管束與假日輔導)之少年以及其家長為研究對象,共得有效樣本329份,透過家長所填答之「基本資料表」、「基本人格量表」、「父母教養態度量表」,以及其子女所填答之「親子關係量表」與「家庭環境診斷測驗」,再以描述統計、t考驗、皮爾遜積差相關、單因子變異數分析以及多元逐步迴歸等方法進行統計分析。 本研究主要發現如下: 一、受保護處分少年之家長人格特質、教養態度、親子關係以及家庭環境,與一般少年皆有顯著差異。 二、不同性別、職業與教育程度的受保護處分少年家長在教養態度上有顯著差異。不同性別、職業、教育程度、年齡與婚姻狀況的受保護處分少年家長在人格特質上有顯著差異。不同年齡、教育程度與婚姻狀況的受保護處分少年家長則在家庭環境上有顯著差異。 三、能有效預測受保護處分少年家長教養態度者包括有人格特質中的自貶、異常、抑鬱、焦慮與慮病,以及家庭環境中的家庭文化、教育關心與家庭氣氛。至於能有效預測受保護處分少年親子關係者包括有家長人格特質中的慮病、內向,以及家庭環境中的家庭氣氛與教育關心。 本研究最後依據研究結果,提出各項建議,以為家長親職教育、法院保護管束、青少年輔導,和今後做進一步研究的參考。
The purpose of the study is to compare the differences between parents with probated children and parents with normal children with regard to their personality characteristics, attitudes of parenting, parent-child relations and family environment, and background data. This research also predicted parent attitude and parent-child relation via family environment and personality of parents. The research subjects were purposively sampled from four different judicial courts around the island. Three hundreds and twenty-nine parent-child paired samples with completion of questionnaires were collected. The parents completed basic data, Chinese Basic Personality Inventory, Parenting Attitudes Inventory. The adolescents finished Parent-Child Relation Questionnaire and Family Environment Diagnostic Test. The data were analyzed via t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression etc. Major research findings are as follows: 1.Parents of probated adolescents significantly differed from parents of normal adolescents in personality, parenting attitudes, parent-child relations and family environment. 2.Among the parents of probated adolescents, parenting attitudes, parent personality, and family environment were found significant different across genders, occupations, and the level of education. 3.Parenting attitude can be best predicted by subscales of parent personality and family environment, such as self-reproach, abnormality, depression, anxiety and hypochondriasis, family culture, educational concern and family atmosphere. Parents-child relations can be best predicted by subscales of parent personality and family environment, such as hypochondriasis and introverted personality; or environmental factors such as family atmosphere and family concerns of children’s education. Suggestions for parenting education, probation execution probation, youth counseling, and directions for further research were also discussed.