國小兒童的外觀管理、自我概念與幸福感之相關研究

本研究主要是在了解國小二年級兒童的外觀管理、自我概念與幸福感三者之間的關係。主要目的有：（一）探究穿著打扮與孩童的行為、情緒之間的關聯，以及孩童是否能主動透過呈現自己的外觀來表達自己，（二）探究孩子對自己認識與自己主觀的幸福感有無相關。藉以幫助孩子的照顧者及教師了解孩童的穿著興趣是否潛在影響孩子的心情及對自己的看法。本研究以問卷調查的方式，以「國小二年級自我概念量表」、「國小二年級幸福量表」和研究者自編之「兒童外觀管理量表」為主要測量工具。以新北市某所國小的二年級學童為施測對象，有效樣本共219份。在資料處理方面，針對相關資料進行描述統計、因素分析、皮爾森積差相關與多元迴歸的統計方法進行分析。主要發現如下：一、國小二年級女生透過外觀管理表達自己的情況比二年級男生來得高。二、國小二年級兒童外觀管理與幸福感呈現正相關。三、國小二年級兒童的外觀管理與自我概念呈現顯著正相關。四、自我概念越高的國小二年級兒童，所感受到的幸福感越高。五、國小二年級兒童的自我概念在外觀管理與幸福感之間有部分中介效果。所有研究資料進行分析及整理後，將提供大眾媒體省思對於美的價值傳播與兒童服飾應該更豐富多元，並以兒童為考量。教育上應重視個體的外觀、身體對自身的影響，除了倡導以正確價值觀來認識自己的身體以外，還必須教導兒童透過外觀管理以了解自我、洞察情緒、身心健康及人際交往，進而能引導兒童正向地透過服飾來表達自我，在人際、同儕之間的溝通能更加順利。

關鍵字

國小二年級；兒童；自我概念；幸福感；外觀管理；服飾

並列摘要

This research refers to exploring the relationship among the appearance management, self-concept and well-being of children in the second grade of elementary school. The main purposes are: (1) to explore the relationship between dressing and children's behavior and emotions, and whether children can actively express themselves by presenting their appearance, (2) to explore whether the child's knowledge of himself is related to his subjective sense of happiness, so as to help children’s caregivers and teachers understand whether children's interest in dressing is potentially affected The child’s mood and perception of himself. This research uses a questionnaire survey, using the "Second Grade Elementary School Self-Concept Scale", "Second Grade Elementary School Happiness Scale" and the researcher's self-compiled "Children's Appearance Renovation Scale" as the main measurement tools. A total of 219 valid samples were tested with second-year students in a elementary school in New Taipei City. In terms of data processing, the statistical methods of descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Pearson product difference correlation and multiple regression are analyzed for related data. The main findings are as follows: 1. Girls express themselves better than the boys in the second grade. 2. Second graders' appearance management is positively correlated with their well-beings. 3. Second graders' appearance management is positively correlated with self-concept. 4. The higher the self-concept of the second graders, the higher the happiness they feel. 5. Second graders' self-concept has a partial mediating effect between appearance management and well-being. After analyzing and collating all the research data, it will provide mass media to reflect on the value of beauty and children's clothing should be richer and diversified, and take children as the consideration. Education should pay attention to the appearance of individuals and the influence of their bodies on themselves. In addition to advocating correct values to understand their own bodies, children must be taught to understand themselves through appearance management, insight into emotions, physical and mental health, and interpersonal communication, so as to guide children to express themselves positively through clothing, communication between people and peers can be smoother.