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  • 學位論文

衛星定位技術應用於潛在大規模崩塌之地表位移研究

A Study on GNSS Surveying for Land Surface Displacement in the Potentially Large-scale-landslide Area

指導教授 : 王聖鐸 謝有忠
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摘要


因臺灣的地理位置與地質條件,坡地土砂災害幾乎年年發生,而在民國98年莫拉克颱風期間出現的複合型土砂災害,更是以大規模崩塌(或稱深層崩塌)所引起的災害最令國人關注。 對於大規模崩塌潛勢區之觀測,因滑動體範圍大,且同時會有不同滑動體之情形,難能有完整系統監測。因此中央地調所於民國101年開始,選定具潛在活動性之潛在大規模崩塌區位進行觀測工作的規劃與設置。針對選定的邊坡佈設全球衛星導航系統(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS),持續觀測坡面位移並據以分析。希冀透過該計畫的推動與成果的分析提供未來國內各相關機關在潛在大規模崩塌觀測可採用的設備與方法,以供評估崩塌活動性與風險之參考。 自此本研究開始投入此一作業方法的研發,包含衛星接收儀的硬體架構、主機自動化作業模式的開發、太陽能發電系統的整合、通訊方式的整合與應用、資料的解算與分析、成果的視覺化呈現,以及整體標準作業流程的自動化,皆在此計畫中逐一引進並逐步整合為一於坡面獨立自主的作業系統,後續此一概念更廣為各單位引用,例如水土保持局、農委會林務局等,證明其可行性已廣為各單位接受。 本研究針對竹林坡面的觀測數據可以清楚的了解潛勢區在降雨期間與位移量,透過兩者的比較,除釐清坡面整體運動型態外,更可掌握不同塊體間的相對運動型態;這些資料可做為後續細部觀測、地質分析等應用之參考依據。 為提高對防災決策提供更實質的幫助,未來系統優化的方向應該朝提高觀測資料呈現的密度,甚至可以達到每五分鐘解。然而地表位移變化應具有多種因素影響而產生,如突然性的地殼變動、雨季與非雨季的周期變化以及降雨後的入滲量等現象,精確的作法應為綜合這些現象與位移的時間序,整合分析不同成因所代表之數學模式,進而了解各個坡面特殊的運動型態,提供作為警戒值訂定的參考。

並列摘要


Slopeland sediment disaster occurs frequently due to geographical location and geological conditions of Taiwan. Typhoon Morakot triggered a compound disaster in 2009 that the large-scale landslide (deep-seated landslide) dragged the most attention. It is difficult to setup a complete monitoring system because of the size and multiple moving masses of potential large-scale landslides. Therefore, the Central Geological Survey started a project to build up observation systems to clarify the status of potential large-scale landslides with potential activity since 2011. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was selected to analyze continuous surface displacement of the potential large-scale landslides. The purpose of the project was to provide a better monitoring solution including equipment and methods evaluating the activities and risks of potential large-scale landslides. The research and development of the observation system has been started since the project mentioned above. The observation system includes hardware structure of the GNSS receiver, automatic operation mode, solar power systems integration, communication integration and application, data processing and analysis, and visualization of the results. The overall standard operating procedures have been introduced one by one and gradually integrated into an independent and automatic operating system. This concept has been widely adopted by various units, such as the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau, the Forestry Bureau and so on. The feasibility of the operating system has been widely accepted by all the units. In this study, the observational displacement data and rainfall data at Chu-Lin slope were used. By comparing the two dataset, the motion pattern of the slope was well clarified. In addition, relative motion patterns between different blocks on the slope was also quantified. These data can also serve as an important reference for detailed observations, geological analysis and further application. In order to contribute to disaster prevention decision making processes, the optimization of future system should aim at increasing the density of observational data, which can even produce results every five minutes. However, landslide displacement is controlled by many factors such as sudden crustal changes, periodic changes in the rainy and non-rainy seasons, and infiltration after rainfall. The proper method is to synthesize the time series of these phenomena and displacement and to integrate and analyze the mathematical models represented by different causes. By doing so, the unique movement patterns of each slope could be understood and applying for defining the warning criteria.

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