臺灣糖業鐵道客運營業線之空間變遷（1909－1982）

臺灣糖業鐵道客運營業線在20世紀的臺灣交通史上是不可忽視的重要存在，然而過去多數研究多將營業線與整個製糖業的脈絡，包括原料採取區域之空間變遷、專用線之沿革與糖業之經營史等等方面一併探討；本研究則嘗試脫離製糖本業之框架，從地方交通的脈絡切入，探討其作為地方交通設施，在臺灣的空間變遷過程。本研究首先透過整理、篩選與檢視各年度糖鐵營業線、專用線以及總和之長度統計資料，發現糖鐵的總長度，在不包含臺車線且不包含側線里程的前提下，實際上從未超過3,000公里。接著透過各製糖會社之營業報告書，考證了製糖所設立、轉手或停閉，以及製糖會社設立或合併等眾說紛紜的年代；在此基礎上，釐清了從第一條營業線開辦客運到最後一條營業線停辦客運，糖鐵各營業線之開辦、停辦、延長、縮短、改線及易手等變化型態之沿革變遷；對於無法確定變化年代之營業線，本研究也給出了變化年份的上下界。此外，本研究也透過比較臺灣其他私設鐵道（民營鐵道）業者，以及其他日本殖民地之私設鐵道概況，發現臺灣以糖鐵營業線為主的地方鐵道交通路網幾乎不需要國家力量介入來鼓勵其開展或維持其經營，而造成此種特殊性質的主因，乃因糖鐵營業線不需接受私設鐵道補助即可自行維持經營。最後，本研究也發現糖鐵營業線在空間上的變遷，呈現初期快速擴張，最後也急遽衰退，在此期間，多數路線都能夠維持經營而少有停閉。

關鍵字

糖業鐵道；營業線；空間變遷；臺灣糖業

並列摘要

The passenger business line (客運營業線) of Taiwan sugar railway is an important existence that cannot be ignored in the history of Taiwan’s transportation in the 20th century. However, in the past, most studies focused on the line of business and the entire sugar industry, including spatial changes in the regions where raw materials are taken, the evolution of dedicated lines, and the relationship among the sugar industries, the management history and other aspects. This research attempts to break away from the framework of the sugar industry, cut into the context of local transportation, and explore the process of spatial change as a local transportation system in Taiwan. This study first sorted out, screened and identified the statistical data on the length of the sugar railway and the sum of each year, and found that the total length of the Taiwan sugar railway never exceeded 3,000 kilometers (the push car railway and the rail siding mileage not included.) Then, through the business reports of the various sugar companies, the establishments, change of hands or closure of sugar companies, and the establishment or merger of sugar companies, were clarified. On this basis, it was clarified from the first passenger business line to the last one. The history of changes in the opening, suspension, extension, shortening, rerouting, and change of the passenger business lines of the sugar railway; for the passenger business lines whose years of change cannot be determined, this study also gives the upper and lower bounds of the year of change. In addition, this research also compares the profiles of other private railway operators in Taiwan and the private railways of other Japanese colonies, and found that Taiwan’s local railway transportation network, which is dominated by sugar railway passenger business lines, almost does not require national intervention to encourage them. The main reason for the development or maintenance of its operation is that they do not need to receive private railway subsidies to maintain its operation. Finally, this study also found the spatial changes of them, showing a rapid initial expansion, and finally a sharp decline, and during this period, most of the lines were able to maintain operations and rarely closed down.