女子跳馬助跑的知覺-行動配連：步態調整、及其與表現之相關性

Perception-action coupling of vaulting approach in females: Gait regulation, and its correlation with performance

高士傑(KAO Shih-Chieh)

指導教授 ： 卓俊伶

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101796

摘要

在特定的環境和工作限制下，係因目標導向視覺控制引致知覺-行動配連，從而產生特定的行動因應形式。在競技體操中的跳馬項目中，助跑係受到跳板視覺目標之環境因素，以及銜續踏板、第一騰空、推撐、第二騰空和落地等之動作執行需求，體操選手需要於入板前進行步態調整，以維持好的動作表現。本研究以生態心理學中的知覺-行動觀點，旨在檢驗女子跳馬選手在助跑中的步態調整形式和知覺-行動配連情形，並進一步探討發生步態調整的視覺控制位置、調整階段步頻、速度與動作表現的相關性。本研究共招募10位青少年女子競技體操選手，實驗工作為跳馬前手翻，分析之依變項參數包括步長、步頻、速度、腳趾-跳板距離標準差和動作形式的表現分數，統計分析以線性迴歸分析檢驗所需調整量與實際調整量、步數與腳趾-跳板距離標準差之相關性；皮爾森相關係數檢驗視覺控制位置、步頻、速度與動作表現之相關性。本研究的結論如下：(1) 部分選手需要進行步態調整，並於最後一步之所需調整量和實際調整量呈線性關係，且助跑越接近起跳板調整量越大、步長變異越小；(2) 跳馬的動作表現與選手在助跑調整階段的步頻和速度之快慢有關，而選手傾向以較快的步頻和速度表現。建議在跳馬訓練時，應考量入板前步頻、速度之變化作為訓練或教學評估指標。

關鍵字

體操 ； 視覺控制 ； 動作形式

並列摘要

Movements under the specific environment and task constraints are subject to perception-action coupling due to goal-oriented visual control, resulting in specific patterns of action responses. In the vault of gymnastics, approach run is affected by the environmental factors of the visual goal of the board, as well as the execution requirements of the continuous beat the board, the first flight phase, the blocking phase, the second flight phase, and the landing. In order to maintain good performance, the gymnast needs to regulate gaits before entering the board. Based on the perception-action perspective in ecological psychology, this research aimed to examine the patterns of gait regulation and perception-action coupling of female gymnast during approach run of the vault, and to analyze the correlation between the position of visual control, frequency, speed and performance. ten young female gymnasts were recruited in this study. The experimental task was front handspring of the vault. Dependent variables were step length, frequency, speed, toe-board distance standard deviation, and movement patterns scores of the checklist. Linear regression analysis was used to test the correlation between the required adjustment and the actual adjustment, the number of steps, and the standard deviation of the toe-board distance. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the correlation between the visual control position, frequency, speed and performance. Conclusion from the study were as follows: (1) Some gymnasts needed to regulate their gaits, with the required adjustment in the last step had a linear relationship with the actual adjustment, and the closer to the springboard, the great amount of adjustment, and the smaller in the step length variation; (2) The vaulting performance was related to the step frequency and velocity during the approach regulation phase, and the gymnasts tended to perform faster pace and speed. Suggestions were made to the vault approach run changes in step frequency and velocity before entering the board should be considered as evaluation indicators of training or teaching.

並列關鍵字

gymnastics ； visual control ； movement pattern

參考文獻

高士傑、卓俊伶、張琪 (2021)。應用德爾菲法建構女子跳馬前手翻因素量表。運動研究，30(1)，49-64。

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