論僱用人侵權責任

A Study of Employer's Tortious Liability

吳沛珊(Pei-Shan Wu)

指導教授 ： 林誠二

國立臺北大學/法律學院/法律學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

本文目的是研究我國民法第188條僱用人侵權責任於實務上適用之情況。構成要件中，「僱用關係之成立」、「執行職務範圍之判斷」於判斷上容易產生模糊地帶。我國實務判決出現穩定的見解，隨著商業活動之發達、科技與技術快速成長與社會交往脈絡複雜，這些穩定的見解是否仍適合現代社會，引起吾人之思考。法院於不同案件下對於同類型事實的判決中說理有產生矛盾之現象，值得探討。民法第188條第3項規定僱用人求償權，此項爭論之重點為究竟是否要限制僱用人之求償權，始能讓當事人間獲得公平。而限制與否涉及僱用人侵權責任係採何種理論與性質，為本文所探究之重點。因此，必須先了解僱用人侵權責任之理論依據，並整理比較法上之發展及觀察與分析我國實務上限制僱用人之求償權見解之趨向。
本文以我國及外國學者之學術著作、期刊論文、碩士論文、司法判決等作為充實本文之重要資源，並輔以外國立法例、司法判決作為比較法上之基礎。本文共分五章，第一章為緒論。第二章論述僱用人侵權責任理論基礎，探討僱用人侵權責任之理論依據與責任性質。第三章闡述僱用人侵權責任成立要件及法律效果。第四章揀選我國實務判決，藉由分類案件類型，觀察與分析僱用人責任適用之現況。第五章為結論。

關鍵字

侵權行為 ； 代負責任 ； 僱用關係 ； 執行職務行為 ； 求償權

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to discuss the application of Employer's Tortious Liability in Article 188 of Civil Code in practice. In regards to constitutive requirements, there is likely a gray zone in terms of determining the establishment of employer-employee relationship and the scope of employment. Whether the stable case judgments made in the past domestically is still suitable for the modern society is concerned, given the fact of the advanced commercial activities, technologies and techniques of rapid improvement, and the complication of social interaction. It is worthy to explore the contradiction that the court gives different judgments to the cases based on the same type of fact. The employer exercise retribution to employees provided in Article 188 of the Civil Code, Section 3, focuses on the debate that whether to limit the employer's claim to make fairness between the parties. Limit or not involving Employer's Tortious Liability causes depends on what theory and feature is adopted. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the theoretical basis of Employer's Tortious Liability, sort out the development and observation of comparative law, and analyze the trend of insights of restrict the employer’s retribution in practice.

The major resources of this paper are the books of scholars, periodical papers, master papers, and judicial judgments from local and foreign countries, supplemented with foreign legislations, judicial judgments as the foundations of comparative laws. There are five chapters in this paper. The first chapter is the preface. The second chapter introduces foundation of Employer's Tortious Liability, referring to the theoretical basis and feature of Employer's Tortious Liability. The third chapter expands on constitutive requirements and legal effect of Employer's Tortious Liability. The fourth chapter studies some domestic cases to observe and analyze the application of Employer's Tortious Liability through classifying the different type of cases. The final chapter produces a conclusion.

並列關鍵字

torts ； vicarious liability ； employer-employee relationship ； within the scope of the employment ； retribution

參考文獻

4.張晏齡，僱用人責任「僱用關係」要件之研究，國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文，2011年8月。

2.林慶郎，論受僱人執行職務－從盜賣股票事件檢視執行職務之判斷標準，國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文，2005年7月。

12.陳忠五，2011 年民事法發展回顧，臺大法學論叢，第41卷特刊，2012年11月，頁1439-1499。

17.陳聰富，法人團體之侵權責任，臺大法學論叢40卷4期，2011年12月，頁87-126。

10.姚志明，僱用人之侵權行為責任──最高法院九十九年度台上字第一一五號民事判決，月旦裁判時報第10期，2011年8月，頁147-153。