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  • 學位論文

受教權與平等原則-以國際人權標準檢視臺灣現況

THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION AND THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY – EXAMINING TAIWAN’S CURRENT CIRCUMSTANCES BY INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS

指導教授 : 廖福特
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摘要


本論文之研究範圍以受教權與平等原則為主軸,復以教育機會均等為中心,論述國際人權標準對此二權利本質之內容界定。將以國際公約規範受教權與平等原則之構成要件、法律效果、實際施行情況,探討受教權之一般原則與各教育階段之目標,是否應提供義務性質與免費性質。及國家於各教育階段應負何種程度之義務,受教權之給付功能是否完全取決於國家之財政能力與社會經濟狀況,亦或有其底限,而底限取決於何種因素。本論文在國際人權標準之擇定,主要以《歐洲人權公約》與《經濟社會文化權利國際公約》作為論述標的。 除了論述《歐洲人權公約》之受教權及平等原則,本論文以D.H. and others v. the Czech Republic 2007及Oršuš and Others v. Croatia2010二案為例,以瞭解歐洲人權法院對受教權與平等原則的實質認定,及間接歧視領域的一般處理方法。主要論述統計數據構成間接歧視的表面證據、何謂差別待遇之客觀且合理之正當理由、有效教育本質。並以臺灣借鏡代替結論,首先將以歐洲人權法院對隔離學校的認定標準,分析臺灣單一族群學校是否構成歧視。復以歐洲人權法院對教育領域歧視行為認定原則,檢討一般課程對原住民學生而言,是否因主流文化的價值凌駕構成歧視,若答案是肯定的,臺灣在法制與實踐應該如何回應。 於《經濟社會文化權利國際公約》部分,本論文以條文順序分述受教權基本特徵之4A架構、各教育階段之義務、教育之自由面向與初等教育行動計劃。再論述公約之非歧視原則與男女平等原則。並將以日本與韓國之締約國報告進行形式及實質上比較。並為臺灣國家人權報告檢討。首先以《經濟社會文化權利國際公約》國家初次報告為基礎,檢視報告未論問題。並以公約受教權與平等原則之標準,探討臺灣受教權與平等原則之現況,檢討國家初次報告未論而應論課題,附帶檢視是否達成兩公約施行法第8條之改進義務,最後於檢討中加入立法建議。

並列摘要


This thesis focus on the principle of equality and the right to education based on the equality of educational opportunity, and define these two rights according to the international human rights standards. Discussing general principle of the right to education and the goal of each level with legal effect and actual implementation of the rights to education of international conventions, and whether the State should provide compulsory and free of charge character or not. To what extent should the state undertake the duty at all levels of education? Whether the positive duty of the right to education are totally dependent on the financial capacity and the country's socio-economic status or what factors? This thesis mainly chooses the《European Convention on Human Rights》and《International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights》as a subject of discussion. In addition to the discussion of the principle of equality and the right to education of 《European Convention on Human Rights》, the case of DH and others v. The Czech Republic 2007 and case of Oršuš and Others v. Croatia 2010 in this thesis is set to understand how the European Court of Human Rights defined the right to education, the essence of the principle of equality and elements of indirect discrimination. Mainly discussing the statistic constituted the prima facie evidence of indirect discrimination, and what is the objective and reasonable justification (legitimate aim) and effective education. In conclusion, according to the opinion of separated schools holding by European Court of Human Rights, this thesis analyzes whether a single ethnic group schools in Taiwan constitutes discrimination, and whether the overriding value of mainstream culture in the general curriculum for aboriginal students constitute discrimination. If the consequence is affirmative, it is important for Taiwan to respond in legal system and practice. On the part of the 《International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights》, this thesis discusses how education in all its forms and all levels shall exhibit the interrelated, essential features- the 4 As and the duties at all levels of education, the right to educational freedom, the plans of action for primary education. Also, it discusses the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights and non-discrimination. And it will compare to State party's report submitted by Japan and Korea, and initial report submitted by Taiwan. It will compare to State party's report submitted by Japan and Korea, and then review the initial report submitted by Taiwan. To examine current circumstances based on initial report submitted by Taiwan, the steps are as follows: First, it examines the issues which the initial report did not mention. Second, it examines Taiwan's Current Circumstances by ICESCR standards, by discussing the issues should be mentioned in initial report, and whether the implementation achieve duties of improvement of Article 8 of the Act to Implement the ICCPR and ICESCR. In the final, it supplies legislative proposals in the review.

參考文獻


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