資源回收再利用服務之碳物質流評量研究

THE STUDY OF CARBON MATERIAL FLOW EVALUATION OF RESOURCE RECYCLING SERVICES IN TAIWAN

王彬墀(Pin-Chih Wang)

指導教授 ： 李育明

共同指導教授 ： 陳秋楊(Chiu-Yang Chen)

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

碳足跡是評估人類活動對環境影響的一種計量指標，惟以往大多關注於單一企業、產業部門或經濟體，透過物質流觀點分析二氧化碳直接排放量，及其對環境衝擊或經濟影響，因而並未實質考量產業間的關聯，且較注重於產出端直接排放的探討，亦常忽略過程中的間接排放。
本研究以物質流分析為基礎，結合應用投入產出分析，探討台灣地區資源回收再利用相關產業部門之碳物質流評量，獲致完整的投入端碳足跡估算，亦即考量直接及間接之碳投入強度。本架構為一碳物質流分析之延伸，期能提供去物質化與去碳化相關議題之決策依據，進而研擬永續發展相關評量指標。除針對2008年10月公布之「PAS 2050產品與服務生命週期溫室氣體排放評估規範」進行系統性與完整的彙整與解析外，本研究完成繪製台灣地區2007年物質流平衡圖，並進一步就分析指標架構進行延伸探討。結果顯示，我國溫室氣體排放量雖隨總物質需求(TMR)之逐年遞增而增加，惟與直接物質輸入或間接物質流等指標關聯性並不顯著；若從TMR之組成分類來看，溫室氣體排放量與能源需求量增加則有顯著之關聯性。此外，歷年溫室氣體排放量與國民生產毛額(GDP)具高度顯著正相關。
2007年我國資源回收清理服務之溫室氣體排放量，經本研究估計約為4,083千公噸二氧化碳當量，與歷年相比僅較2006年為高，而與2005年之前數據為低。農業、工業、服務業及環境衛生服務業每百萬元產值之隱含碳，分別約為16、27、7及11公噸二氧化碳當量。本研究參考國內焚化廠盤查實例，研擬所建議之溫室氣體盤查管理程序，俾利提供國內各產業於建立適用其本身盤查管理程序時之參考。

關鍵字

物質流 ； 碳足跡 ； 隱含碳 ； 溫室氣體 ； 國家清冊 ； 投入產出 ； PAS 2050

並列摘要

Carbon footprint is a measuring index to assess the environmental impacts from human activities. However, former studies of CO2 with aspect of material flow analysis (MFA) usually concerned about the direct CO2 emission and its environmental and economic impacts within single enterprise, industry sector or economy but didn’t consider essentially the connections with sectors as well. They also paid more attention to direcrt emissions from the output and ignore those indirect emissions from the process.
This study was based on the frame of MFA, with combination of economic input-output table (I/O table), in order to evaluate carbon material flow of resource recycling services in Taiwan and obtain a complete carbon footprint calculation from the input, considering both direct and indirect carbon input strength which means extending the frame of carbon MFA index. We hope this study can provide a basis of decision making on the issues of dematerialization and decarbonization, therefore, stride forward to the target of sustainable development. This study has compiled and analyzed PAS 2050 which announced in Oct. 2008 systematically and completely and also has accomplished the 2007 materail flow balance illustration of Taiwan and its extending discussion. The results showed that although GHGs emissions in Taiwan increased progressively complying with Total Material Requirement (TMR) from the past to nowadays, but there’s no notable relation between emissions and Direct Material Input (DMI) nor Indirect Flow (IF). On the part of components of TMR, GHGs emissions increased in direct ratio with the demand of energy and also the same with GDP.
Furthermore, according to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines of National GHGs Inventories, the 2007 GHGs emissions estimation of resource recycling and waste disposal services in Taiwan was 4.083 million metric tons (MMT) CO2-e, it’s higher than the data of 2006 and was lower prior to datas of 2005. The embodied carbon which calculated in the unit of tons CO2-e per millon NTD of agricultural sector was 16, industrial sector was 27, service industry was 7 and the sector of environmental protection services was 11. This study also proposed a draft of GHGs inventory procedure, provided as a reference for those who’re going to establish their own ones.

並列關鍵字

Material Flow ； Carbon Footprint ； Embodied Carbon ； Embedded Carbon ； National Inventories ； Input-Output ； PAS 2050

參考文獻

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