休閒偏好與退休決策

Leisure Preference and Retirement Decision

陳宜傑(Yi-Jie Chen)

指導教授 ： 彭祐宜

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/財政學系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

根據內政部人口統計資料，我國老年人口占總人口比例逐日增加，在不久的將來台灣即將進入高齡社會，政府及私部門在退休金方面的負擔將越來越重。有鑑於此，了解工作者如何擬定退休決策是重要的，如此方能提供政策制定者更確切的數據以設計更適當的退休金制度，避免退休金財源受到衝擊。
　　過去已經有許多文獻發現健康狀況與經濟能力等因素會影響退休決策，但很少文獻討論休閒偏好與退休決策之間的關係。根據生命循環理論，若某人對休閒的偏好相對較高，則可能會想要早一點退休，因為雖然早點退休將使勞動所得與退休金減少，但可擁有較多的時間來進行休閒活動，反而可能會提高其效用水準。
　　本文採用台灣地區中高齡工作者之樣本，並利用ordered probit model進行統計分析，研究結果顯示休閒參與程度與休閒態度越高的人整體而言會比較有意願早點離開職場享受退休生活，但社團活動及宗教活動參與程度則與預期退休年齡間之關係不顯著。
　　由於資料限制，本文未考慮年資與預期退休金這兩項重要解釋變數。雖然有此研究限制，本研究提供了休閒偏好的確會影響預期退休年齡之實證證據，未來研究退休相關議題時若能避免上述研究限制將可使研究結果更為精確。

關鍵字

退休決策, 休閒偏好, 中老年人

並列摘要

With the increasing ratio of older people, Taiwan is becoming an aging society soon. In this situation, the burden of pensions will become more and more severe in the near future. Understanding what factors affect the decision of retirement is very important, since it can help government provide more appropriate pension systems and prevent the shortage of pension funds.
There have been a lot of studies which found that health and economic factors mainly affect the decision of retirement. However, there are few studies which analyze the relationship between preference of leisure and retirement decision. Based on the Life Cycle Model, people who have higher preferences for leisure tend to retire earlier so that they can have more time to enjoy retirement leisure.
In this study, ordered probit model is used to investigate whether leisure preference is related with retirement decision among workers approaching retirement. The results suggest that people who participate in more leisure activities and have higher leisure attitudes tend to retire earlier. But group activity and religion activity have no significant relationships with retirement decision.
Due to the constraints of data, a few important factors such as job tenure and predicted pension are not included in explanatory variables. Nevertheless, this study still provides evidence that leisure preference affects retirement decision indeed. We suggest that future researches which analyze the retirement decision can try to avoid the limitations so that the estimation can be more precise.

並列關鍵字

Retirement Decision, Leisure Preference, The Elderly

參考文獻

潘清輝(2012)。《臺北市國民中小學教師自願退休原因及其退休後生涯規劃之研究》。國立臺灣師範大學教育學系在職進修碩士班碩士論文。

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