政府主導的藝術村與都市發展 ─ 臺北市案例研究

Government-led Artist Villages and Urban Development ─ Case Study of Taipei City

周瀛瀛(Ying-Ying Chou)

指導教授 ： 張容瑛

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

城市的創意文化經濟近二十年來成為許多國家及都市政策議程的重點，早期文獻也由大型旗艦文化園區計畫，轉向成鑲嵌在都市環境中，分散的馬賽克式文化空間，具體來說藝術村成為觀察重要項目。近年來，臺北市政府的都市與文化發展策略，也以創意城市為發展目標，積極的朝世界設計之都邁進。事實上，早在2001年，臺北市政府文化局已陸續進行藝術村相關創意空間營造，以藝術村的形式提供跨國及多元的文化合作平臺，為城市注入創意活力，共有三處分別為：2001年成立的臺北國際藝術村；2008年成立的草山行館藝術家工作室；以及2010年成立的寶藏巖國際藝術村。本研究目的即針對政府主導的藝術村與都市發展關聯進行探討，透過質性田野調查與深度訪談，討論分析兩個問題：

（一） 藝術村政策在什麼情況下被提出？與臺北市都市發展與規劃的關係為何？在都市整體發展中扮演什麼角色？
（二） 政府主導的藝術村，對於全球與在地藝術交流網絡產生什麼樣的影響？所形成的藝術交流網絡，有怎麼樣的效果？存在著什麼潛在的能量？是穩定發展狀態，抑或有什麼樣的危機？

研究發現，政府主導的藝術村主要有兩個特殊性：第一，作為城市外交與規劃政策一環；第二，受審計制度制約。由於這兩個特殊性的影響所以藝術村與都市發展的關聯有三個重點：

（一） 因為其為城市外交的一環，促成全球與在地藝術網絡交流連結與互動密切，讓臺灣在地文化帶出國際。
（二） 因為強調對等交流，所以就藝術網絡而言，自由度、廣度受限，與在地連結活力相對保守。
（三） 加上審計制度制約，可能隱含過度文化行銷城市舞台化之隱憂。

基於前述研究成果，本研究提出三個規劃政策意涵：第一，正式的對等交流外，藝術村與在地社群的互動關係，隱含著看不見的可能性與能量，可持續追蹤後續交流互動情形，提供更多交流機會的基礎資料；第二，在城市文化行銷的同時，能強調地方場所意義，讓市民生活在一個有地方感、記憶的城市；第三，藝術的互動有很多無限性，難以從一開始的文化政策就預測結果，不適用量化指標作建議，因此，未來審計制度可以有更創意的調整，以更長遠的眼光觀看成果。

關鍵字

政府主導的藝術村；創意城市；藝術網絡；文化環境規劃

並列摘要

The creative and cultural economy of city has become the focus of agendas of many countries and urban cities in the past twenty years. Early literature has changed from grand flagship cultural park plan to scattered mosaic cultural space set in the urban environment, in details of which art village has become important projects to be observed. In recent years, the urban city and culture development strategy of Taipei government has also targeted at creative city and actively advances towards global design metropolis. In fact, early in 2001, Department of Cultural Affairs, Taipei City Government had successively conducted the establishment of creative space related to art village, using the form of art village to provide trans-boundary and multiple culture cooperation platform and infusing creation vitality into the city. The three locations are: the Taipei Artist Village established in 2001; the Grass Mountain Artist-in-Residence established in 2008; the Treasure Hill Artist Village established in 2010. The study aims at the discussion of the correlation between the art villages led by government and urban development. Through qualitative filed survey and in-depth interview, two problems are discussed and analyzed:

(1)Under what condition will the art village policy be proposed? What is the relationship between Taipei urban development and planning? What role does it play in the overall urban development?
(2)What impacts does the art village led by government have on global and the local art exchange network? What effect does the formed art exchange network generate? What potential energy exists? Is it in a stable development state, or does it have a certain kind of crisis?

Research results find that there are two particularities of the art village led by government: first, it is a part of city diplomacy and planning policy; second, it is restricted by the audit system. Due to the impacts of the above-mentioned two particularities, there are three emphasis of the correlation between art village and urban development.

(1)Due to its part played in city diplomacy, the exchange, connection and close interaction of global and local art network are facilitated to bring Taiwanese local culture to the international arena.
(2)Due to the emphasis of equal exchange, the freedom degree and scope are restricted and the vitality of local connections is relatively conservative in terms of art network.
(3)With the restriction of audit system, there may exist hidden worries of excessive cultural marketing and staged city.

Based on the above research results, three meanings of the planning policy are proposed in this study: Firstly, in addition to the equal exchange, the interaction relationship between art village and local community indicates invisible possibility and energy, the subsequent interaction of which can be continued to track to provide more basic data for exchange. Secondly, at the same time of culture marketing, the meaning of local space can be emphasized, allowing citizens to live in a city with locality and memory; Thirdly, there are infinite art interactions and the results cannot be predicted from the beginning of the culture policy, nor does qualitative indicators suitable for suggestion. Thus, the future audit system demands more innovative adjustments and results should be observed in a more long-term view.

並列關鍵字

government-led artist village ； creative city ； art network ； cultural environment planning

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