違法土地使用合法化之制度路徑分析

An Analysis on the Institutional Path of Legalization of Illegal Land Use

陳哲新(Che-Hsin Chen)

指導教授 ： 曾明遜 ； 李承嘉

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/不動產與城鄉環境學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

為了促使土地使用管制制度能有效降低人們利用土地資源之交易成本，並增進人們彼此信賴、合作可能，國家形成正式的土地財產權規範後，必須肩負起制度執行責任。然而除了諸多制度執行成本造成國家執法困難外，部分違法土地使用尚可因權力運作，由國家配合轉換其違法土地財產權成為合法。此種違法土地使用合法化政策隨著時間經過似已形成某種制度路徑。
本研究以文獻分析法從財產權、交易成本與權力運作三面向理論建構土地使用管制制度演變之觀察視角，以違法土地使用合法化政策為中心整理臺灣土地使用管制制度之歷史發展脈絡，觀察其制度路徑在違法土地使用合法化政策作用下的發展方向。
研究發現臺灣土地使用管制之制度路徑在違法土地使用合法化政策作用下，更進一步使得特定目的事業主管機關對於土地使用管制之制度規範內容與執行方式，取得重要影響力；土地使用管制之制度規範價值亦逐漸被單一的特定政策目標或特定價值論述取代，而漸趨退縮、不獲重視。
其次，研究發現制度路徑依賴與權力運作是違法土地使用合法化政策重要制度路徑成因。特別是在違法土地使用涉及國家經濟發展、特定產業發展或地方發展時，在臺灣特殊政治經濟背景下，國家已慣於要求土地使用管制制度配合其需要修改制度規範內容或調整制度執行方式，土地使用變更亦因權力運作成為國家有效「解決」違法土地使用問題之主要或唯一方法。
最後，研究認為未能脫離固有制度發展路徑以及未能脫離權力運作下主導著土地使用管制之制度規範價值之違法土地使用合法化政策，並無助於使土地使用管制朝向更有利於土地資源利用管理方向進行變遷。

關鍵字

新制度經濟學 ； 財產權 ； 交易成本 ； 權力三面向 ； 土地使用管制

並列摘要

In order to make land use regulation reduce effectively the transaction costs arising from the use of land resources by human, and also to enhance the trust between people to increase the possibility of cooperation of them, the government must be responsible for enforcement of the institutions after the formation of the formal land property rights.
However, in addition to the costs of enforcement caused by the government enforcement difficulties, the partial illegal land use behavior that was supposed to disappear by means of the enforcement can be converted to legal by certain policies that proposed by the government. Such policy of legalization of illegal land use seems to have been formed with time some kind of path.
This study literature analysis from property rights theory, transaction cost theory and the theory of three dimensions of power for the construction of the observation of the evolution of land use regulation perspective, and take the policy of legalization of illegal land use as center to organize the historical development of Taiwan's land use regulation, to present in the development of the path of an institution under the action of the policy.
The study found that, firstly, the policy further makes the some industry competent authorities get a power of land use regulation content and implementation in the development of the path of land use regulation. The normative value of land use regulation is also gradually being replaced by single specific value or a specific policy objectives, while gradually retreat, not be valued.
Secondly, the study found path dependence and power are important causes of the policy of legalization of illegal land use. Especially in illegal land use relates to the country's economic development, the development of a particular industry or local development, in particular political and economic background of Taiwan, has been accustomed to their need to modify the land use regulation or adjust the regime implementation. During this process, land use conversion because of power is regarded as a key or an only solution of the problem of illegal land use by the government.
Finally, studies suggest that the institution failed to separate from the natural development path and failed to separate from the operating under the power of the dominant land use regulation of normative values of the policy of legalization of illegal land use, does not help make the land use regulation towards more beneficial changing for the management of land resources.

並列關鍵字

new institutional economics ； property right ； transaction cost ； three dimensions of power ； land use regulation

參考文獻

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