自我效能、創業意圖及行為關係之探索:跨國的比較

Exploring the Relationships Between Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Intention, and Behavior: A Cross-country Comparison

李昀叡(YUN-JUI LEE)

指導教授 ： 蔡坤宏

國立臺北大學/商學院/企業管理學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

網路時代的來臨,各式的創業成功案例時有所聞;為了推動經濟發展,政府近年來亦 推動各項創業輔導計劃,鼓勵國人進行各式創業活動。
自我效能為個人對於自己是否有能力能夠完成某項工作的主觀評估,在過去的研究中 也被認為對創業者的創業意圖有相當重要的影響;而創業意圖亦被視為是預測創業行為的 前因。除此之外,個人的背景、對創業的知覺、態度也會影響個人的創業意圖與行為。本 研究目的在探討人口統計變數、創業知覺與創業態度對於自我效能與創業意圖,以及創業 意圖與創業行為間的調節效果。使用全球創業監控資料庫(GEM)中 2010 年與 2011 年中 國、日本、韓國、台灣四國的創業調查資料作為分析資料。藉由調節式的邏輯斯迴歸模式, 發現人口統計變數、創業知覺與創業意圖皆調節創業自我效能對創業意圖,甚至創業意圖 對創業行為的影響。
此外,本研究並且提供了一跨國比較的結果,顯示調節變數在不同國家會產生不同的 調節效果。最後,本研究因採用跨年度之資料,因此可從中得到各影響創業意圖與行為之 因素在各國不同年度的變化,此一結果可協助描繪出各國民眾對創業相關因素的心理變 化。
本研究認為,政府可透過對個人背景的分析,找尋目標潛在創業者,鼓勵其進行創業。 抑或透過提供政策,如創業活動的資金和貸款,或利用課程、創業者與企業家分享活動等 與潛在創業者進行專業知識與經驗的交流及分享。因此,創業教育和培訓課程的設計除強 化潛在創業者的自我效能外,創業者的態度與知覺亦是創業意圖與創業行為的另一項關鍵 指標。這一發現意味著,創業課程和培訓除了提高參與者的創業知識和技能外,也應著眼 於改變參與者的「心態」。

關鍵字

自我效能 ； 創業意圖 ； 創業行為

並列摘要

At an era of the computer age, people frequently hear stories about successful new business of all kind. In recent years, the government has been proclaiming business-counseling programs to encourage people starting their own business in order to promote economic development.
Self-efficacy is the belief of one’s capabilities to achieve a goal. Previous studies had demonstrated that entrepreneurial self-efficacy had a great influence on one’s entrepreneurial intention; and entrepreneurial intention was also considered to be a predictive factor of entrepreneurial behavior. In addition, one’s background, perception, and attitude would affect one’s tendency and action of starting a new business. This study was aimed to explore moderating effect of demographic variables, entrepreneurial perception and attitudes between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, as well as entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior. The data of four countries including Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan in this research was collected from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database, year 2010, 2011.
The analysis showed that demographic variables, perception and attitude play a moderating role between the relationship of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. The moderating effect also significant in the relationship of entrepreneurial intention and behavior. Besides, this research provide a cross countries comparison. In other words, the moderating effect differs from countries. In addition, because of the multi-year data, we can observe the change of the effect in different countries.
This research suggests that the government can find the potential entrepreneurs through background analyzing. Except for loaning, inviting entrepreneurs to share knowledge and experience can also encourage potential entrepreneurs to start their own business.
In sum, apart from strengthen the self-efficacy of potential entrepreneurs through entrepreneurship education and training programs, the entrepreneur's attitude and perception are also key indicators of entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurship. This implies that aside from improving the knowledge and skills, either the change of mentality matters.

並列關鍵字

Self-Efficacy ； Entrepreneurial Intention ； Entrepreneurial Behavior

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