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  • 學位論文

鄰避設施空氣污染之風險知覺影響因素研究-以臺中火力發電廠周邊地區為例

A Study on the Factor of Risk Perception of the Air Pollution from NIMBY Facility - Taichung Power Plant Case

指導教授 : 詹士樑
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摘要


近年來空氣污染的環境問題開始受到重視,火力發電廠燃煤後所產生之廢棄物有對人體產生影響的風險。但相對於其他鄰避設施(如核能發電廠),火力發電廠所產生之空氣污染屬長期性且間接性之傷害,周邊地區之居民與社會大眾對污染物之態度與反應,未若其他鄰避設施般強烈。為了解居民對於火力發電廠與其空氣汙染之態度,本研究以火力發電廠鄰近之行政區為實證地區,透過風險知覺之理論進行空氣污染風險知覺模型之建構,以分析火力發電廠周邊居民之風險知覺特性與風險知覺影響因素,並探討居民風險知覺是否具有空間分布之特性。 臺中火力發電廠被認定是世界單一發電廠碳排放最高之發電廠,因此本研究以空間抽樣設計進行該電廠周邊居民問卷調查,將調查結果以空間自相關係數、空間迴歸模型、地理加權迴歸等空間統計與計量方法進行空間分布特性與影響因素分析。分析結果顯示空氣污染風險知覺於空間上具正相關性,並且於臺中市龍井區具有高風險知覺之群聚。此外,空間迴歸分析結果顯示,受訪者往後到訪火力發電廠之意願;認為空污發生之頻率;對於補償回饋機制的認識;對媒體、民意代表、環保團體所提供資訊之信任程度;平時獲得環保措施相關資訊;跟親友互討論空氣污染議題之頻率;年齡介於30~50歲者、大於51歲者,共10項變數對空氣污染風險知覺有顯著性之影響。而上述影響因素中,認為空污發生之頻率、平時獲得環保措施相關資訊、跟親友互討論空氣污染議題之頻率,共三項變數於地理加權迴歸模型分析結果有顯著的係數空間差異,顯示出風險知覺與其影響因素皆受到空間效果之影響。

並列摘要


The environmental problem of air pollution has been seriously concerned for decades. Compared to other kinds of NIMBY facilities, the health impact caused by the emissions of power plant might be long term, therefore there was no intensive dissatisfaction and protest. It was pointed out that Taichung Power Plant is the highest CO2-emitting power facility in the world. The goal of this study is to explore how the residents who live in the surrounding area of Taichung Power Plant perceive air pollution, what the major factors shaping public perceptions of air pollution are, and examine whether the spatial factors have influence on the spatial pattern of local risk perception. In order to examine the spatial pattern of risk perception, this study constructed a spatially sampling process of residential area and selected 400 random buildings by geographic information systems (GIS), then investigated the public risk perception by the questionnaire at the sample site. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial regression, geographically weighted regression (GWR) are applied to examine the spatial pattern and the factors’ significance of risk perception. The findings of the study include: (1) spatial autocorrelation analysis depicts that risk perception of air pollution had a significat positive correlation with spatial pattern, and the hot spot is in Longjing district; (2) spatial regression analysis shows that the significant factors of risk perceptions are: the willing to visit Taichung Power Plant, levels of exposure to pollution, understanding to compensation mechanism, trust in media, representative and environmental groups, obtain information about environmental protection measures in peacetime, frequency of discussions with friends and family, and age; (3) the GWR model, composed by the variables above, indicates that there are three factors that have different effects on the dependent variable across the study area including levels of exposure to pollution, obtain information about environmental protection measures in peacetime, frequency of discussions with friends and family. The results of this study shows that both risk perception and the factors shaping risk perceptions are affected by location, which can provide insight understanding of the spatial factors influencing public risk perceptions of air pollution.

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