網路使用、異議與國家壓迫關聯之跨國研究

Transnational Research of the Relationship between Internet Usage, Dissent and State Repression

范姜典佑(TIEN-YU FAN CHIANG)

指導教授 ： 劉嘉薇

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2016年)

摘要

2011年，中東與北非國家爆發大規模的反政府示威抗議，屹立不搖多年的獨裁政權，在短短的幾個月內就被各種網路管道號召的異議（dissent）所推翻。這些示威抗議的發生，網路被認為是最重要的一個動員工具，促使抗議能夠迅速動員大量群眾。抗議行動的持續增加，隨之而來的是各國政府選擇以逮捕、監禁或鎮壓等國家壓迫(State Repression)手段作為回應，同時也以控制網路的內容、使用管道和監視使用者等網路面向的國家壓迫(Cyber Dimensions of State Repression)以防止抗議份子透過網路散布異議或組織抗議。

本文採用量化分析方法，以2011年至2014年作為研究範圍，希望探究網路使用、抗議和國家壓迫三者間的因果關係。本文以39個國家作為研究對象外，並將國家依民主/非民主再予以區分並進行模型分析。本研究有如下發現：首先，網路使用「人數」與異議間具相關性；再者，異議對傳統國家壓迫具顯著影響力；最後，在非民主國家中，異議對網路國家壓迫具影響力。而本文發現幾個與假設不符之結果，採質性研究加以解釋，發現如下結果：一、突尼西亞的民主化降低了阿拉伯之春的國家壓迫程度；二、民主/非民主是造成異議和人均GDP影響國家壓迫的重要因素。本文除了再次驗證異議對傳統國家壓迫的影響力，亦拓展了網路國家壓迫的研究領域，未來仍值得繼續深入研究。
關鍵詞：網路使用、異議、國家壓迫、跨國研究

關鍵字

網路使用 ； 異議 ； 國家壓迫 ； 跨國研究

並列摘要

In 2011, numerous outbreaks of anti-government protest happened in the Middle East and North African countries. It led to the overthrow of the long-term unshakable dictatorship by the dissent of various network channels in the few months. The network considered as the most critical means to mobilize people in these demonstrations, which can collect a great number of individuals. Through the continuing growth of protests, many governments might take “State Repression” as the respond, such as arrest, incarceration, and suppression. Simultaneously, to avoid protests spread the dissent or organize demonstrations through the network, the government further utilizes “Cyber Dimensions” of stats repression to monitor people and control the content of the network by different access.

The study adopts the quantitative method to analyze the influence of network on protests during 2011 to 2014, and observes the government’s network monitoring and excessive violence, then explore the causation between three groups of the network, protests, and state repression in recent years. This research takes 39 countries as the objects and then divides them into democratic and non-democratic models. The results indicated three consequences. First, the pertinence between the number of people and dissent is correlative in three groups. Second, the dissent had crucial influences to the traditional state repressions in three groups. Third, the dissent had impacts on state repression of network in non-democratic countries. However, the study found some flaws that are not consistent with the consequence of the hypothesis. Therefore, the study also uses the qualitative method to complement the insufficient part of the quantitative method and discovered two results. First, the democratization of Tunisia may affect the state repression of Arab Spring countries. Second, democracy is the essential element to impact state repression of network and the GDP per capita. All in all, it is hoped the study will not only reveals dissent’s influences to traditional state repression but also expands the field of state repression of network for the following research.

Keyword: Internet Usage, Dissent, State Repression, Transnational Research

並列關鍵字

Internet Usage ； Dissent ； State Repression ； Transnational Research

參考文獻

鄭陸霖與林鶴玲，2001，〈社運在網際網路上的展現：台灣社會運動網站的聯網分析〉，《台灣社會學》，2: 55-96。

陳柏奇與洪敬富，2012，〈茉莉花革命浪潮下對當前中國國家：社會關係的再檢視-網路政治中的公民維權與黨國維權雙重分析視角〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，9(1): 195-244。

蔡秀勤與張佑宗，2011，〈阿拉伯之春的啓示與反思〉，《臺灣民主季刊》，8(3): 199-209。

巨克毅，2011，〈第四波民主化的背景與意義〉，《全球政治評論》，34: 1-6。

王維菁、馬綺韓與陳釗偉，2013，〈網際網路時代的社會運動：以台灣環境運動組織為例〉，《資訊社會研究》，25: 1-22。