OECD國家的再生能源效率研究

A Comparative Analysis of Renewable Energy Efficiency among OECD countries

柯儀萱(Ko, Yi-Hsuan)

指導教授 ： 陳澤義

國立臺北大學/商學院/國際企業研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

由於能源資源的稀少，加上氣候變遷及全球暖化(溫室效應)的議題，然而在經濟持續發展的多重要求下，積極開發再生能源與發展再生能源技術來替代傳統能源就顯得相當重要；特別是對能源需求相當依賴的發展中國家。再生能源在未來的重要性與發展，不意外的引起各領域學者的關注。但是，能源使用效率仍然是很少探討的主題。本研究應用資料包絡分析法（DEA），選擇OECD國家為研究對象，分析再生能源的管理績效評估並分析各個國家對於再生能源的使用效率。
傳統上，大多數研究主要集中於發電廠的一階段營運效率評估。本研究特色為以兩階段來衡量管理效率，透過兩個子過程的DEA模型，以評估OECD國家的再生能源管理績效。第一階段為營運效率（OE），第二階段為能源密度效率（DE），這兩階段的效率分別代表OECD國家的再生能源發電與供電兩階段過程，即產出的提供與產出使用。
此外，本研究利用Tobit迴歸模型分析，影響這兩種效率的因素包括國家本身的秉賦(人口、資本與GDP)，同時國家對於能源的補貼政策也包含在內。研究結果顯示，營運效率和能源密度效率間確實有顯著的差異，子過程的DEA模式來衡量管理績效更符合發電的生產過程特點。此外，再生能源補貼政策並非會顯著提升國家的再生能源用電效率。最後BCG矩陣的結果也顯示在OECD國家中規模較大的國家反而對於再生能源效率是較不顯著的。

關鍵字

資料包絡分析法(DEA) ； 再生能源 ； 績效評估

並列摘要

Due to the multiple requirements for resource scarcity, climate change, global warming (greenhouse effect) control, and the sustained economic development, actively develop renewable energy and the development of renewable energy technologies to replace traditional energy sources becomes very important. Especially in developing countries highly demand for energy, so we chose to OECD countries for our study. And the importance and development of renewable energy in the future, is not surprising, aroused the attention of scholars in various fields. However, the efficiency of energy use is still rarely explored theme. The literature of renewable energy is mainly concentrated in the power plant's operating performance, operating methods and technology development. Only a handful of literature focused on the use of efficiency. Therefore, the main features of this paper, we apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) to do renewable energy management performance evaluation and analysis of the various countries for the efficient use of renewable energy.
Traditionally, the majority of research has focused on the operational efficiency of power generation evaluation. However, in this paper, we divided into two stages to measure the efficiency of management, Phase I: operational efficiency (OE), the second phase: the energy density efficiency (DE). These two types of efficiency describes the renewable energy generation and supply of two-stage process in OECD countries, that is to say provide the output and using the output. We use a DEA model of the two sub-processes, to assess the management performance of OECD countries, renewable energy.
We also use a combination of these two efficiencies. In this case, the efficient performance of energy density is no longer limited production efficiency, but a broader perspective, including not only the country's endowments (population, capital, and GDP), while the national energy subsidy policy also contains included. We found that indeed significant differences between the efficiency of operational efficiency and energy density, so the use of sub-processes of the DEA model to measure the management performance more in line with the power generation characteristics of the production process. In addition, we found that the country's subsidies for renewable energy policy is not significantly enhance the country's renewable energy power efficiency. Finally, according to the results of the BCG matrix, we also found that the more large scale country is less significant on renewable energy efficiency in the OECD.

並列關鍵字

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ； Renewable Energy ； Performance Measurement

參考文獻

1. 陳澤義(2010)。服務管理。台北市：華泰文化事業股份有限公司。

3. 中華經濟研究院 http://www.cier.edu.tw/

74. Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Escobedo, Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, Jose Antonio Gazquez-Parra and Antonio Zapata-Sierra (2011). Is the wind a periodical phenomenon? The case of Mexico. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(1), 721-728.

59. Lawrence M. Seiford and Robert M. Thrall (1990). Recent developments in DEA: The mathematical programming approach to frontier analysis. Journal of Econometrics, 46(1-2), 7-38.

2. A. Azadeh, S.F. Ghaderi and M.R. Nasrollahi, 2011. Location optimization of wind plants in Iran by an integrated hierarchical Data Envelopment Analysis. Renewable Energy, Vo.36(5),1621-1631