臺灣燈會花燈工藝演變之研究

A study on the development of lantern crafts of Taiwan Lantern Festival

楊朝勝(CHAO-SHENG YANG)

指導教授 ： 謝潮儀

國立臺北大學/人文學院/古典文獻與民俗藝術研究所民俗藝術組/碩士(2014年)

摘要

臺灣燈會（Taiwan Lantern Festival）的發展從早期的寺廟燈會開始，經由中央與地方政府的整合，逐漸成為國際級的燈會活動，也藉此使原本即將式微的花燈製作傳統工藝能因燈會的舉辦獲得傳承，再者透過國際燈會的舉行，讓臺灣走向世界的舞臺，因此美國Discovery頻道在2008年時將臺灣燈會評為世界最佳節慶活動之一。
花燈（Lantern）藝術展現了傳統工藝（Craft）的巧思，結合深厚的中華文化內涵，從抽象的線構成、塑形雕塑、彩繪書畫、複合媒材裝飾、電力動能裝置、數位聲光影音、雷射光學科技…等。花燈工藝所展現的不僅是傳統民俗藝術（Folk arts），隨著時代與科技的進步，其種類、工法、媒材、技術、題材也不斷的創新和進步；花燈藝術結合造形原理、書畫技法和傳統建築美學基礎，並且在文化空間和環境布局，呈現出來的獨特文化風格，使花燈不只是常民文化的器具文明發展，也不僅是歲時節令的裝飾物品呈現，而是將人們情感層面歡樂情緒的提升和社會結構的家族團體的凝聚與關懷，更象徵著是不可取代的精緻文化資產。
本文希望從臺灣地區「燈會」舉辦的沿革和發展歷史，研究「花燈工藝」的演變歷程。歸納總結出的研究發現如下：
一、臺灣燈會繼承地方寺廟燈會的發展，整合成具國際特色的現代燈會。
二、花燈工藝己擺脫傳統技術，結合創新科技與複合媒材呈現新風貌。
三、臺灣燈會持續舉辦，跨科際整合，發展臺灣獨有民俗文化特色。
綜合了這些年的經驗和研究內容，提供個人淺見如下：
一、從教育扎根，落實文化在地化，使國人對於本土文化的認同。
二、發展文化創意，結合科技產業，提升美學經濟的附加價值。
三、催生「臺灣花燈藝術博物館」，保存優秀花燈作品，帶動文化觀光。
期盼透過藝術的角度，讓花燈這極具藝術性的民俗文化，所富含的美學價值，能獲得其傳承的方向，也透過每年燈會舉辦讓國人看見臺灣，也讓世界看見臺灣。

關鍵字

民俗藝術 ； 工藝 ； 花燈 ； 臺灣燈會

並列摘要

The Taiwan Lantern festival is an annual event celebrated on the 15th day of the lunar new year and was traditionally held by local temples. In the recent years, the collaborative effort of local and federal government successfully transformed the Taiwan lantern festival into an international event. This successfully saved the traditional folk craft from vanishing in the modern society and also showcased Taiwan to the world. In it’s series “Fantastic Festivals of the World, ” the Discovery channel praised this event as one of the world’s greatest festivals.
Lantern creation is the combination of traditional craftsmanship and ancient Chinese culture, along with sculpture, painting and drawing, electrical kinetic devices, digital multimedia, laser lighting and many other technologies. The modern making process of lantern not only present traditional folk art, but has evolved with the rapid advance of technology. It is the combination of modeling principles, drawing, and traditional architectural knowledge that makes the modern artistic lantern unique. The lantern is not just part of civilization development, nor just a festive symbolization. Rather it is the promotion of positive bonding of a cohesive society, as well as the irreplaceable cultural heritage.
This paper attempts to trace the evolution of lantern art through the history and development of lantern festival.
The research findings are summarized as follows:
1. Taiwan Lantern Festival inherited the development of various lantern festivals at local temples, and integrated into a modernized, international festival.
2. The process of making lantern had evolved from the traditional technology to the combination of innovative technology and mixed media to present a new look.
3.Continue to hold Taiwan Lantern Festival and enhance interdisciplinary integration to develop unique Taiwan folk culture.

Through the research and experience over these years, I made the following recommendations:
1. Start from the root of education and implement culture localization to increase the acknowledgement of local culture in the people in Taiwan.
2. Develop creative culture and incorporate with technology industry to promote the added value of the aesthetic economy.
3. Establish the "Taiwan Lantern Museum of Art" immediately to preserve extraordinary lantern works and stimulate cultural tourism.

The aim is to identify the future direction in the glimpse that lantern art will be inherited through artistic means. It is the author’s hope that Taiwan’s unique beauty can be presented to the general public as well as the global audience through the celebration of lantern festival.

並列關鍵字

craft ； lantern ； Taiwan Lantern Festival ； folk arts

參考文獻

8.蔡蕙頻，〈日治時期臺灣的宗教發展與尊皇思想初探〉，《臺北市立教育大學學報》-人文社會類，（臺北：臺北市立教育大學，2009）。

3. Hugo Munsterberg, “The Folk Arts of Japan”, （Charles E. Tuttle Company, 1958）.

一、 中文部分

（一）期刊論文：

1. 吳宣青，《臺灣慶典花燈造型意象調查研究》，（彰化縣：大葉大學設計暨藝術學院碩士在職專班碩士論文，2010）。