政府型態與國、民兩黨立委表決一致性之研究：第二屆至第六屆立法院記名表決探析

A Study on Government Structure and Unanimous Voting by KMT and DPP – Analysis of Open Ballots from Second to Sixth Legislative Yuan

楊舒涵(Yang,Su-Han)

指導教授 ： 翁興利

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

美國中央及地方政府分別從1960年及1946年以來開始出現分立政府的現象，且因為此現象長期維持著，促使學界開始關注政府型態對於立法互動及效率影響等議題；而國內分立政府的型態始於1985年的地方層級，並於2000年總統大選後延伸至中央政府層級，因此不少的研究也開始探究涉及政府型態的議題，其中最多的關注在於不同政府型態下的國會運作情形，即政黨立法互動及立委的行為動機。本文利用立法院議事系統，取得歷屆記名表決資料，並抽出代表樣本進行內容分析的量化研究，試圖聚焦於國、民兩黨，找出政府型態對於其立法互動及表決行為之影響，以及分別探究立委本身、議案本身及選舉因素對於立委表決之影響。研究發現政府型態並非影響國、民兩黨競合之因素，而對於立委違背政黨立場與否的主因為席次；國、民兩黨立委隨個人特質、條件及議案性質、類別的不同在政黨忠程度上有著不同的表現；在外在選舉因素方面，在立委改選及總統大選前，國、民兩黨立委對於政黨之忠誠度皆降低。

關鍵字

國民黨、民進黨、政府型態、政黨互動、立委表決一致性及記名表決

並列摘要

In United States, divided government has begun in the central and local government since 1960 and 1946 respectively. As this phenomenon has continued over a long period, the academic world has begun paying attention to issues such as the impact of government structure on legislative interaction and efficiency. In Taiwan, divided government originated at the local level in 1985 and extended to the central government level after the 2000 presidential election. As a result, many studies began to analyze issues involving government structure, particularly the functioning of the national assembly under different government structures, i.e. legislative interaction between parties and motives of legislators’ actions. By utilizing the congressional information system, obtaining information of open ballots from various terms of Legislative Yuan, and drawing representative samples for quantitative content analysis, this Study attempts to focus on the KMT and DPP, find out the impact of government structure on legislative interaction and voting behavior, and study how the legislator individually, the bill itself and election factor influence legislators’ voting. This Study finds that government structure is not the reason for competition or cooperation between KMT and DPP, the main reason for a legislator to turn against party position is the number of seats, and KMT and DPP legislators differ in their show of party loyalty depending on personal characteristics and conditions, and nature and type of each bill. Overall, both KMT and DPP legislators have reduced party loyalty ahead of legislators’ and president’ reelection.

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