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  • 學位論文

應用基因演算法於非球面與自由曲面多焦點人工水晶體之最佳化光學設計

A Study of Optical Design with Genetic Algorithm for Aspherical and Free-form surfaces in Multifocal Artifical Introcular Lens

指導教授 : 顏志達
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摘要


隨著年齡層的增長,水晶體的調焦功能會慢慢的退化,而產生老花眼、白內障等症狀,使光線無法聚焦在視網膜上,因此在醫學上究出了人工水晶體進行矯正,當光線進入人眼時,可經由人工水晶體的調整,重新達到光線聚焦的效果。而人工水晶體則是先經由外部的光學模擬測試,將所模擬出之透鏡與原內部的水晶體互換,使原本混濁之水晶體改善為清晰之透鏡,而本研究主要之目的就在於人工水晶體模擬測試之部分。 本研究主要有分為兩個部分,第一部分在於非球面人工水晶體設計,採用市面上可調節式人工水晶體進行模擬分析,以非球面透鏡作為鏡組之設計,在可調節之狀態下實現多焦點之功能,因非球面可經由變焦段之距離各別改變其變焦段曲率、厚度及非球面係數,在優化的過程中鏡組的變動性較為自由,因此分為遠、中、近三個變焦段;而第二部分採用多焦點不可調節式之自由曲面設計,主要是利用菲涅爾透鏡(Fresnel Lens)作為水晶體鏡組設計,因在不調節水晶體的狀態下實現多焦點的功能,在優化的過程中鏡組的限制較為繁雜,因此分為遠、近兩個變焦段。軟體則使用光學模擬軟體CODE V進行光學設計。為了得到最佳化光學設計,使用基因演算法(GA)來求得最佳曲率、厚度、非球面係數以及繞射光柵之值,藉此找出人工水晶體多焦距之最佳解,模擬出人工水晶體對應遠、中、近距離之調節狀態,減少三階像差,並且提高MTF。 由研究結果得知,在非球面透鏡中分為兩個部分,第一部分為人工水晶體之模擬,以像差來說SA及TCO分別有10%、4.16%的改善率。而由MTF曲線圖來看,空間頻率為15 cycle/mm時,GA對於CODE V之優化結果平均有41.69%的改善率;第二部分為遠視,在像差的分析結果上SA及TCO分別有7.37%、3.61%的改善率,MTF在空間頻率為15cycle/mm時平均也有34.1%的改善率,由此結果得知GA在非球面之優化是有達到最佳化的功能。 自由曲面有兩個不同的入瞳孔徑(5mm、6mm),主要是分析在不同瞳孔的狀態下優化的效果,當入瞳孔徑為5mm時,在人工水晶體的模擬結果中皆有優劣的部分,在人工水晶體近距離的變焦段中,GA在Spot Diagram 和MTF(空間頻率15cycle/mm)的改善率分別平均為10.08%、2.86%,但在遠距離卻劣於CODE V分別平均為16.32%、10.47%;在遠視的狀態則是近距離時,Spot Diagram 和MTF(空間頻率15cycle/mm)劣於CODE V分別平均為23.33%、5.13%,但在遠距離GA分別平均卻有0.1%、2.86%的改善率,以整體結果看來GA與CODE V在入瞳為5mm時的優化效能是相近的。 在入瞳孔徑為6mm時,在人工水晶體方面,SA及TAS、SAS的部分沒有辦法做到改善,平均分別劣於CODE V優化0.885%、13.59%、4.775%,但是在Spot Diagram及MTF的分析上皆有良好的結果,在Spot Diagram近、遠距離的改善率分別平均為17.27%、11.32%,而在MTF(空間頻率15cycle/mm)的分析上,近、遠距離的改善率分別平均為10.78%、10.06%。 整體的優化結果當中,在非球面的部分GA是有達到改善的,而在自由曲面的優化結果上,雖然在入瞳為5mm時優化的結果沒有辦法做到整體改善,但是其效能是與CODE V優化差不多的,且在入瞳為6mm時整體的優化效果是有提升的,由此可得知在整體的優化結果中,GA確實是可以達到改善的效果。 關鍵詞:非球面、自由曲面、菲涅爾透鏡、基因演算法

並列摘要


The crystalline lens focus will slowly degenerate with the growth of age, and produce presbyopia, cataracts and other symptoms, so that light can not be focused on the retina, so the human to correct artificial intraocular lens(IOL) by medical research , when light enters the eye , that we can adjusted via IOL, regained focus light effect. The study is main divided into two parts, the first part is design aspheric artificial intraocular lens, that it's can be adjusted in the state of function of use aspherical lens as the design of multifocal lens,that because aspheric have variability mirror group of more liberal in optimization process , so divided three zoom of far, middle, nearly ; the second part is design a multifocal non-adjustable type of free-form surface , mainly using a Fresnel lens (Fresnel Lens) as a crystalline lens, that without adjusting the lens to achieve a multifocal function. Due Fresnel lens is have limitations by more complicated lens group in the optimization process, so divided two zoom of far and nearly. The software is CODE V optical simulation design, that using of genetic algorithms (GA) to obtain the optimum value of the curvature, thickness, aspheric coefficients and diffraction grating, thereby to find the multifocal IOL of optimal solution, to simulate IOL corresponds far,medium, near state regulation, reducing third-order aberrations, and improve MTF. There are two different free-form surface into the pupil(5mm, 6mm), mostly in the state of analysis different pupil optimal results, when the pupil of 5mm, the simulation results in the artificial Intraocular lens all have the part of merits and inferior. In the nearly zoom of artificial Intraocular lens, GA in the Spot Diagram and MTF (spatial frequency 15cycle / mm) improvement rate averaged 10.08%, 2.86%, but in the far zoom is inferior to the CODE V respectively averaged 16.32%,10.47%; In the state of hyperopic at nearly zoom, Spot Diagram and MTF (spatial frequency 15cycle / mm) CODE V is inferior respectively average of 23.33%, 5.13%, but GA's improvement rate is respectively average 0.1%,2.86 % in the far zoom. From the overall result seems optimize of GA and CODE V is about the same effectiveness in the pupil of 5mm SA and TAS, SAS can't way to improve of artificial Intraocular lens in the pupil of 6mm, that the improvement rate average were inferior to CODE V optimization 0.885%, 13.59%, 4.775%, but analysts of the Spot Diagram and the MTF are have good results, that Spot Diagram can average improve of 17.27%, 11.32%. MTF (spatial frequency 15cycle / mm) can average improve of 10.78%, 10.06%. Overall optimization results which, that the aspherical of GA is to achieve improved. In the free-form surface optimization results, although optimization of the entrance pupil of 5mm as a result can't achieve an overall improvement, but its effectiveness is with CODE V optimization similar, and in the entrance pupil of 6mm when the overall effect is have promotion, which can be learned in the overall optimization results, GA can indeed achieve the effect of improvement. Keywords:artificial Intraocular lens, Fresnel lens, aspherical lens, genetic algorithms

參考文獻


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被引用紀錄


張家銘(2017)。應用液態透鏡及機械式移動方式實現超廣角變焦鏡頭〔碩士論文,國立虎尾科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0028-1208201722032200

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