填海造陸土方工程人機調派最佳化模式之研究

許文德(Wen-der Hsu)

指導教授 ： 顏上堯

國立中央大學/工學院/土木工程學系碩士在職專班/碩士(2015年)

摘要

營建基地土石方工程大多由主辦工程師或工地主任，根據合約需求或現場具有的資源，憑個人經驗安排相關作業進度，通常沒辦法以科學的方法來作系統性的分析、比較及評估，因此主辦工程師或工地主任的能力及經驗就決定了土石方調派工作的成敗，若是提高機具的使用率及成本降低，就成為現今土石方回填作業上的重要議題。本研究模式則以台灣一般土石方工程常見之挖土機機組回填配合傾缷卡車載運模式，並考量(1)工區環境(2)挖土機、卡車工區載運限制(3)載運至工區土方即傾卸無需等待(4)挖土機具只有上午、下午都使用才有夜間加班(5) 土資回收場可回填土石可降低成本等，進行土石方工程作為研究範圍。
本研究建立一套以整數規劃為架構的數學最佳化模式，並可協助工地管理決策者對施工機組用於統一規劃之派遣，使期衍生的派遣成本為最小化進而增加收益。本研究模式則當外在環境與限制條件改變時，則可隨時依最新條件來做參數調整，並可重新進行後續挖土機機組及卡車施工機組之派遣。另同時針對各種參數的敏感度變化趨勢，做主動調整各類相關參數，因應實際情況變化下挖土機機組及傾缷卡車派遣方案。本研究將基本資料與各限制條件訂定出相對應的各限制式參數，並將資料以EXCEL2003軟體方式輸入至LINGO8.0套裝軟體求解，即可得挖土機機組回填及卡車載運所產生的總派遣成本最佳化結果。本研究模式以營造廠執行回填工程中之土石方回填作業為範例測試，並將測試結果和人工經驗決策兩種方式做比較，顯示本研究模式成效明顯較為優。故本研究模式適用於多種挖土機機組回填作業配合卡車載運之派遣規劃，做為決策者的重要參考依據。

關鍵字

挖土機回填 ； 卡車載運 ； 敏感度 ； 最佳化 ； 整數規劃

並列摘要

Abstract
Construction of earth excavation projects are mostly conducted by on-site engineers or construction-site managers to perform related arrangements according to the contract requirement or resources available on-site and based on personal experience, which typically cannot be assessed by scientific methods to perform systematic analysis, comparison and evaluation. As a result, the ability and experience of the on-site engineer or construction-site manager play a significant role in deciding the success and failure on the work assignment of earth excavation. Consequently, it is an important issue for the current earth excavation process to increase the usage rate of the machinery and lower costs. This research model uses the conventional model adapted by most earth excavation projects in Taiwan involving the use of excavators for excavation in cooperation with dump trucks for carrying and transportation. The earth excavation project as the scope of this research takes into account the factors of (1) construction sites (2) limitations on the number of excavators and vehicles in the truck construction sites (3) construction site earth disposal is transported out once the volume for carrying and transporting is reached (4) machinery transported to the construction site cannot be moved in and out daily due to transportation costs (5) the price of excavated material sold is counted forward to reduce cost. This research establishes a set of mathematically optimized models by using an integer planning as the structure in order to assist the construction site management decision maker to perform a unified planning on the work assignments for the construction teams in light of minimizing the assignment cost incurred so that profit can be increased. In this research model, when the external environment and the criteria of limitation undergo changes, it is able to adjust the parameters according to the latest criteria in order to perform re-assignments on the construction teams including later excavators and trucks. In addition, at the same time, it is able to actively adjust all types of related parameters based on the trend of the sensitivity change of each parameter in order to establish an assignment solution for the excavators and dump trucks according to changes of the actual conditions. This research uses basic data and criteria of limitations to define corresponding limitation parameters, followed by inputting the data into the LINGO 8.0 software a package via the software method of using EXCEL2003 for solutions. An optimized outcome for a total assignment cost generated by the excavation operations of excavators and the carrying and shipping operations of trucks can be obtained. This research model uses a construction excavation process in a construction project performed by a construction company as an exemplary test, in which the two methods of the test result and the manual experience decision are compared. The results indicate that this research model has obvious advantageous effects. Therefore, this research model is suitable to the assignment planning for various types of excavation operations of excavators in cooperation with truck carrying and transportation, such that it can be used as a significant reference basis for decision makers.

並列關鍵字

excavation by excavator ； carrying and shipping by truck ； sensitivity ； optimization ； integer programming

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