客家地區越南配偶微型創業之研究--以南桃園為例

朱惠珍(Hui-chen Chu)

指導教授 ： 姜貞吟

國立中央大學/客家學院/客家研究碩士在職專班/碩士(2015年)

摘要

摘要
本研究以南桃園客家地區之越南配偶為研究對象，探討越南配偶微型創業之歷程，本研究的研究目的有一、創業如何可能：越南配偶創業如何開始？創業歷程為何？創業困境如何突破？二、創業與社會網絡：創業與原鄉、在地網絡的關係是什麼？如何在家庭與事業中取得平衡點？創業是否帶來賦權？
筆者以參與觀察法參加了越南配偶在南桃園地區的活動，並以半結構式深度訪談法在她們的創業場域中訪問了15位越南配偶、3位越配的先生及2位新移民工作者，藉由他們所提供不同面向的資料，以主題分析法加以分析、討論並歸納出結果。
目前研究發現，這群在客家地區創業的越南配偶經由不斷的學習與努力，已成功開創屬於自己的微型事業。越南配偶長期生活在傳統性別階序與父權家庭的框架下，在家中地位是相對不高的，然而創業後的她們不僅獲得經濟賦權，在家庭中也經由不斷協商、臺灣配偶逐漸釋出權力之下，帶給她們有利的發言地位與自主性，產生經濟賦權後的權力重分配。家庭中的成員亦學習如何「轉變」，由傳統男尊女卑的觀念轉向家庭的夥伴關係，並發展出較和諧的夫妻關係，共同開創不一樣的春天。
環顧越南配偶婚後歷程之軌跡，可區分為四個階段：認識結婚期、子女扶養期、創業歷程期、創業發展期，配合經濟賦權的五種等級:教養參與權、基本決策權、經濟支配權、活動自主權、重大決策權，以圖形來展現她們在四個階段之經濟賦權分布情形。研究發現越南配偶以經濟因素來影響家庭結構效果相當大，在其創業軌跡中，會將臺、越兩邊的文化，經由教育與經驗的再生產，產生了文化揉雜的現象。但她們對於在地的社會網絡，及公共事務的參與範圍相當有限，臺灣社會對她們的接納程度與觀感，尚未因她們經濟賦權的提升而在短時間內改善她們在社會空間中的位置，但越南配偶仍然努力的在自己的崗位上生活著。

關鍵字

經濟賦權 ； 社會網絡 ； 微型創業 ； 客家地區

並列摘要

Abstract
The research objectives of the present study are Vietnamese spouse in southern Taoyuan Hakka area, which is investigate the course of the Vietnamese spouse’s micro-entrepreneurs. The first purpose of this study is how to set up in business in possible: Vietnamese spouse how to start an entrepreneurship? What's the entrepreneurial history? How to break through the venture puzzledom? Second, entrepreneurship and social networks: what is the relationship between entrepreneurship and the original village ; entrepreneurship and the local social network ? How to strike a balance in family and career? Is entrepreneurship brings empowerment?
The writer participated in Vietnamese spouse activities by participant observation in the South Taoyuan area. Made semi-structured in-depth interviews in their business field, visited 15 Vietnamese spouse, three Vietnamese spouse’s husbands and two new immigrant workers, by the information they provided in different oriented, thematic analysis to analyze, discuss and generalize the results.
The current study found that this group of Vietnamese entrepreneurs in the Hakka region spouse through continuous learning and hard work, has successfully create their own micro-business. Vietnamese spouses living in the framework of the traditional gender hierarchy and patriarchal family, they have been in relatively not high position in family, but only after they start to economic empowerment in the family also through constant consultation, Taiwan spouse gradually release power Under bring their advantageous position statement and autonomy, and the power would be redistributed after resulting economic empowerment. Family members also learn how to "transform" the concept of the traditional patriarchal family turned to partnerships and develop more harmonious relationship between husband and wife, work together to create a different and wonderful life.
Looking around the track history of Vietnam married spouse, divided into four phases: understanding of marriage, child support period, the entrepreneurial process of entrepreneurship development, with the economic empowerment of five levels: education participation, the basic decision-making, economic domination rights, autonomy activity, major decision-making, empowering them graphically to show the distribution of the economic situation in four stages. The study found the Vietnamese spouse economic factors influence family structure effect is quite large, in their entrepreneurial track, education and experience through reproduction, resulting in a cultural hybrid phenomenon rub with Taiwan and Vietnam, on both sides of culture. But they are in place for social networking, and participation in public affairs within a limited range, the Taiwan society and the perception of the degree of their acceptance, and have yet to lift their economic empowerment and improving their position in a short time in the social space, but the efforts of the Vietnamese spouse is still in their posts live.

並列關鍵字

economic empowerment ； social networks ； Micro-entrepreneurs ； Hakka area

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