植基於開發修正方向的資訊隱藏技術和視覺機密共享技術

近年來，隨著網路技術的快速發展，資訊安全對於人們在網路上的資訊溝通及分享顯得絕對地重要，許多保護個人隱私及數位資料的方法相繼提出，隱像術，也就是資訊隱藏，是著名的資訊隱藏技術，藉由將機密資訊藏入到一個有意義的載體上，如影像、文字或視訊上，以躲避攻擊者的注意，由於影像之類的載體被我們藏入了機密資訊，其原本的視覺品質會有相當程度的降低，而這也是我們用來評論一個機密隱藏技術好壞的標準。本篇論文中，我們提出兩個資訊隱藏方法和一個視覺機密共享的方法，這兩個資訊隱藏方法都擁有較高的影像品質，而其中一個提供了可回復載體資料的功能，另一個則藉由開發修正方向提供了較高的影像藏量和品質。而我們也利用了開發修正方向提供了另一個機密共享的方法。在上述提到的資訊隱藏方法中，首先我們利用在頻率域上且符合人眼視覺系統來得到一個恰可視誤差值。我們利用預測誤差值和恰可視誤差值來做機密資訊的嵌入動作。另一方面，恰可視誤差可以有效的降低嵌入機密資訊所造成的失真效果。另外，植基於多組的開發修正方向提供了另一種資訊隱藏的方法，我們結合了許多的像素組和我們建構的轉換表來做資訊隱藏，根據這個轉換表我們可以簡單的消除原本和另一個利用分段開發修正方向方法上產生的冗餘問題。同時我們提供了較高的嵌入效率和影像品質。最後，我們利用開發修正方向提供了另一個機密共享的方法。而我們也利用開發修正方向的特性提供了竄改偵測和抵禦的方法，根據實驗結果顯示出我們提出的資訊隱藏和視覺資訊共享方法的效率和安全性。

關鍵字

隱像術；視覺機密共享；可回復資訊隱藏；恰可視誤差；開發修正方向

並列摘要

In recent years, with the rapid development of network techniques, the information security, protecting information that is transmitted or shared over the Internet, has become a critical issue. Several information security methods have been proposed to protect the personal privacy or digital data. Steganograpy, also called information hiding, is a famous technique, that can imperceptibly embed the secret data into the meanlingful digital media, such as an image, text or vedio, to prevent the attention of attacker when transmitting the informaiton between the sender and receiver. The degradation of visual quality, which is the meaningful cover media carring the secret information, is an important estimation of this technique. In this thesis, we propose two information hiding methods, reversible and non-reversible to embed secret data with high visual quality, and one utilizes the stegangraphic scheme, exploiting modification direction, to achieve visual secret sharing (VSS). First, reversible steganographic scheme based on the just noticeable distortion (JND), the JND value of each cover pixel is calculated using the frequency model of the human visual system (HVS). The embedding procedure is based on modifying the prediction error of each cover pixel, and the visual degradation caused by embedding is imperceptible due to the control of the JND. Besides, we propose a novel adjustable data hiding method, called the “multi-group exploiting modification direction” method. We combine several pixel-groups to embed secret data according to the constructed switch map to simply avoid the redundancy problems of the EMD method and the section-wise strategy, as well as to efficiently achieve higher embedding payload and better visual quality of the image. Finally, we propose a new, visual, secret-sharing method with high quality shadows by smartly employing a steganographic scheme, EMD, during share construction. In addition, the scheme can detect if any tampering has occurred on the shadow. According to our experimental results show that the proposed methods are efficient and secure for information hiding and visual secret sharing.

並列關鍵字

Visual secret sharing ； Reversible data hiding ； Steganography ； Just noticeable distortion ； Exploiting modification direction

參考文獻

[32] G. Schaefer, M. Stich, “UCID: an uncompressed colour image database,” Proceedings of SPIE, Storage and Retrieval Methods and Applications for Multimedia, San Jose, USA, pp. 472–480, 2004.

[1] S. Katzenbeisser, F.A.P. Petitcolas, “Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking,” Artech House, Boston, 2000.

[2] R. Z. Wang, C. F. Lin, J. C. Lin, “Image hiding by optimal LSB substitution and genetic algorithm,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 34, no.3, pp. 671-683, 2001.

[4] J. Fridrich, M. Goljan, D. Rui, “Detecting steganography in color and grayscale images,” IEEE Multimedia, vol. 8, no 4, pp. 22-28, 2001.

[5] J. Mielikainen, “LSB matching revisited,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 13 no. 5,pp. 285-287, 2006.

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植基於開發修正方向的資訊隱藏技術和視覺機密共享技術

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