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  • 學位論文

以港澳地區死刑廢除經驗為台灣死刑廢除之借鑒

Taiwan abolitionists learn to the abolitionists experience of Hong Kong and Macau

指導教授 : 盧映潔
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摘要


根據國際特赦組織的統計,2010年全世界已經有139個國家廢除及不使用死刑,仍維持死刑的只有58個國家,當中只有18個國家在2009年有執行死刑,也就是說目前全球已經有超過三分之二的國家廢除死刑,甚至有國家或地區亦不存在無期徒期。廢除死刑是人權保障及文明化的象徵,每個人都有生存的權利,沒有任何人能透過權力或法律剝奪他人生命,故此,死刑理應全面廢除。   澳門曾被葡萄牙佔領四百多年,在1886年曾訂定「葡萄牙刑法典」,當中雖沒有明文規定死刑的禁止,但依據刑罰輕緩的原則,澳門並未適用死刑的規範,並在1996年正式廢除死刑。香港自1966年起便停止執行死刑,直至1993年經立法會三讀通過全面廢除死刑,當中經歷了長達27年停止執行死刑,可見長期停止執行死刑,讓人民逐漸適應在一個沒有死刑的社會生活。相反,台灣法務部早期曾提出逐漸廢除死刑,並逐步全面廢除了絕對死刑,死刑的適用也僅適用在侵害生命為前題,加上台灣曾出現了短暫4年的停止執行死刑,貌似逐漸的全面廢除死刑,但其後法務部部長的替換,死刑再度恢復,且每年執行人數有上升的趨勢,可見台灣目前仍無法廢除死刑。 港澳地區在廢除死刑前亦曾出現長期的停止執行死刑,雖然在廢除死刑前,港澳地區犯罪率不斷上升,加上絕大部份人民反對廢除死刑,但並不影響廢除死刑。死刑廢除後,犯罪率每年逐漸下降,可見高破案率、經濟、文化等其他因素才是影響犯罪率高低的主要因素。   本文利用比較法方式作研究,透過研究香港、澳門、台灣死刑制度的發展歷程,並探究港澳地區廢除死刑前後犯罪率的差異性,透過數據來加以分析,證實死刑的存在並不存有阻嚇效用,且無法有效降低犯罪率,以此廢除死刑的經驗作為台灣廢除死刑的借鑒,且認為死刑的廢除並不需要死刑代替的方案,最後並說明長期的停止執行死刑、排除民意的意向才是廢除死刑的方法。 關鍵字:死刑、停止執行、民意、犯罪率、無期徒刑

關鍵字

死刑 停止執行 民意 犯罪率 無期徒刑

並列摘要


According to Amnesty International statistics, there are 139 countries around the world have repeal the use of the death penalty, but there are still 58 countries that still maintain the death penalty, only 18 countries implementation of the death penalty in 2009, that the world has more than two-thirds of the country abolish the death penalty, even some national or regional there is no life imprisonment. The abolition of the death penalty is the protection of human rights and a symbol of civilization, everyone has the right to live, no one can deprivation of life through the authority or legal, therefore, the death penalty should be fully repealed. Macau was the Portuguese occupation of four hundreds years, in 1886, the Portuguese Penal Code was set, of them, although not expressly provides that the prohibition of the death penalty, but based on the Mitigation of Penalty principle, Macau did not apply the death penalty specification formally abolished the death penalty in 1996. In Hong Kong since 1966 moratorium on executions until the Third Reading of the Legislative Council in 1993, by the total abolition of the death penalty, which has experienced a long as 27 years to stop the execution of the death penalty, visible long-term suspension of the execution of the death penalty, people gradually adapt in a society without the death penalty. In contrast, the early years of the Taiwan Ministry of Justice has proposed to gradually abolish the death penalty, and full and progressive abolition of absolute death penalty, and the application of the death penalty applies only in the former title against life, plus there have been brief four-year moratorium on executions, seemingly gradual the total abolition of the death penalty, but the subsequent replacement of the Minister of Justice, the death penalty once again restore, and each year the implementation of an upward trend in the number of visible still can not abolish the death penalty. Long-term Hong Kong and Macao regions has also appeared in the abolition of the death penalty to stop the execution of the death penalty, before the abolition of the death penalty, Hong Kong and Macao regions rising rates of crime, coupled with the vast majority of people opposed to the abolition of the death penalty, but does not affect the abolition of the death penalty. After the abolition of the death penalty, the crime rate per year declined, the visible high detection rate, economic, cultural and other factors is the level of the main factors that affect crime rates. In this paper, comparative law research will explore differences in crime rates before and after the abolition of the death penalty in Hong Kong and Macao regions, through the study of the course of the development of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan death penalty system, and, through the data to be analyzed to confirm the existence of the death penalty is not there deterrent utility, and can not effectively reduce the crime rate, this experience of the abolition of the death penalty as a reference of the abolition of the death penalty in Taiwan, and that the abolition of the death penalty does not need the death penalty instead of the scheme, the final and explain the long-term intention to stop the execution of the death penalty, exclude public opinion is the abolition of the death penalty. Keywords: death penalty, stop the execution, opinion, crime rates, life imprisonmen

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