遭遇職業災害勞工以代位求償維護其權益之研究

A Study for the Subrogation of the Labors Meeting with Occupational Accidents

林定樺(Ting-Hwa Lin)

指導教授 ： 王安祥

國立中正大學/社會科學院/勞工關係學研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

職災勞工權益受損若由政府代位求償，不僅會增加政府的行政、財政負擔，更擔心雇主會惡意脫產，或者是勞工對其自身安全的漠視。所以唯有落實執行工安稽查，建立職災醫療通報制度，加強職業安全訓練，才能更有效避免職業災害的發生。本研究透過訪談方式總共訪談了：兩位專家學者、一位政府部門及一位調解委員、三位中小企業主及三位發生職災的勞工。研究的結果發現：
1、要減少職業災害的發生，雇主需提供安全的環境、機械設備，且需有型式檢定並符合安全法規標準，降低勞工安全衛生管理員的適用標準，針對勞工定期實施安全衛生教育訓練及健康檢查。
2、由醫院或勞保局提供職災勞工權益主動式服務，將職業災害預防及職災權益納入基本教育，以技能檢定方式，將勞務士納入管理，由勞務士協助職災勞工申請各項給付，並且強制職災事故網路通報制度。
3、修改職業災害勞工保護法，加重罰金，禁止出境、限制資產轉移，將職災補償標準由基本工資提高至實領工資，在職災補償標準內由國家來行使代位求償。
4、建立職業災害保險制度，透過強制職業災害保險機制來分擔風險，不會造成政府的財政負擔，讓職災勞工權益伸張，獲得應有的補償，雇主須擔負的責任可釐清，所以可見職業災害保險是最好的職災補償處理方式。
以上的研究結果顯現，將來政府部門在制定相關法令上，除了需符合國際趨勢外，是否能更貼近企業及人民的需求，讓勞資雙方更能了解彼此的需求及需承擔的責任。

關鍵字

職業災害保險 ； 代位求償 ； 職業災害

並列摘要

Problems of occupational accident compensation subrogated by government include: the increase of administrative, financial burdens, owners intentionally go bankruptcy, employees ignore work safety. Therefore, with occupational safety audit, occupational accident report system, and on-the-job training, the occurrence of occupational accident can be effectively prevented.
Interviews with 10 people were conducted in this study. Two experts, one governor, one mediator, three small and medium-sized enterprise owners and three occupational accident labors were participated in this study. Study results were found as follows.
To decrease the occurrence of occupational accidents, owners should provide safety work environment, standardized facilities which meet safety guidelines, regular safety and health job training and health examination. In addition, the government should deregulate the standards of hiring a safety and health director.
Occupational accident prevention and rights should include as services actively provided by hospitals or Bureau of Labor Insurance. With skill examination, Certified Social Insurance and Labor Consultant can be regulated and provide services on insurance claims and reporting system with occupational accidents.
It is suggested that the government should amend Occupational Accident Labor Protection Law, increase penalties, exit restrictions, properties transfer, increase measurement standard from basic salary to real salary, and subrogate standard claims on occupational injury.
Occupational accident insurance system is the best policy for job related accidents because it provides benefits such as risk-sharing, lowing government financial burdens, upholding justice, claim for compensation, clarification on owner’s duty.
From the above study, it is found that when legislating related laws and regulations, the government should consider not only international trends but also needs of enterprises and the public. Therefore, employer and labor can dialogue on their needs and responsibilities can be taken.

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