「高齡者旅遊方案規劃」課程實施成效之行動研究

An Active Research of the Implementation Effectiveness on the “Elderly Travel Program Planning”

吳旭平(Hsu-Pin Wu)

指導教授 ： 蔡秀美

國立中正大學/教育學院/成人及繼續教育學系/博士(2014年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討旅遊方案規劃對高齡者的影響與適用情形，藉以了解高齡者在課程滿意度，以及知識、態度、技能上的表現。研究的目的有四：（一）設計符合高齡者需要的旅遊方案規劃；（二）探討高齡者旅遊方案規劃的教學與實務執行之實施狀況；（三）評估高齡者旅遊方案規劃實施後，樂齡學員表現的課程成效；（四）根據高齡者旅遊方案規劃之行動研究提出結論與建議。
為達上述目的，本研究採取行動研究法，研究對象為中部地區樂齡大學「樂齡遊俠班」30名高齡者學員，進行為期十一週、共計八個單元（另含一堂相見歡）及兩次實習的高齡者旅遊方案規劃。資料蒐集以質性資料為主，量化資料為輔，在研究過程中不斷地蒐集與分析資料，以做為下一步修正行動的依據；蒐集資料方式包括：學習成就前後測驗、滿意度量表、教師省思札記、課堂觀察檢核表、學員學習單，以及半結構式訪談等。
依據本研究分析的發現，所獲致之研究結論如下：
一、 高齡者旅遊方案規劃之目的乃結合want與need，目標設定以教導學員了解個體身心狀況後，獲得自主規劃遊程的能力與樂趣。
二、 高齡者旅遊方案規劃的教案設計，乃依課程目標形塑具備實用性、互動性與趣味性的課程內容與講義編排。
三、 試探性階段的課程修正策略包含增列相見歡破冰時間、提供熟悉的帶動唱跳背景音樂、多列舉具體案例澄清定義觀念、以及多媒體教材的補充。
四、 高齡者旅遊方案規劃課程配合多元教學方法實施之，教學方法有體討論、問題情境與角色扮演、電腦輔助教學、以及多媒體教材、創意思維術導入。
五、 學員參與高齡者旅遊方案規劃後，在教學循環下對於知識的轉變有較佳的學習進步情形，彰顯於學習測驗與遊程規劃的表現。
六、 學員參與旅遊實習後，技能層次的差異表現在活動方案的訊息傳遞與溝通、旅遊服務接洽的實際運作、風險管理與臨場問題處理、時間控管與引導技巧。
七、 課程學習滿意度高，整體課程觀感有趨於正面的評價；各次層面以學習氛圍營造與體現最受讚同，若單題選項則以教師教學滿意度最為肯認。
八、 學員認為自主規劃遊程不同於旅行社在於打破印象自我挑戰、玩興追求、有彈性具人情味、活力展現、學習需求實現、小眾團體以及規劃角色等觀點。
九、 學員對未來自主規劃的期許是有意義找尋旅途中的美好、提供持續改進的模本、走出自己旅遊風格、有目的不隨便地玩、內化為休閒生活型態等觀點。
依據研究結論，研究者提出建議如下：
一、 對教學者之建議
（一） 正式上課前務須考量高齡學習者背景條件
（二） 課程中應營造親和而無壓迫感的學習環境
二、 對學習者之建議
（一） 持續設計適性而多元的高齡者旅遊行程
（二） 組織高齡者旅遊方案規劃的興趣團體，促成交流聯誼的機會
三、 對政府單位之建議
（一） 完備高齡者旅遊教學專業教師培訓制度
（二） 補助高齡單位開設旅遊方案規劃課程
四、 對後續研究的建議
（一） 研究對象方面，可擴大至其他背景條件的老人與高齡教育單位
（二） 研究主題方面，可探究不同的成效評估方式與後續自主旅遊行為
（三） 研究方法方面，可延伸至實驗法的對照分

關鍵字

課程成效 ； 旅遊方案規劃 ； 高齡者

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact and effectiveness of travel programming on elderly，and understand curriculum satisfaction. the main purposes are as follows: 1. To design the“travel program plan”which in accordance with elderly requirement; 2. To analyze the“elderly travel program planning” how to train and practice.; 3. After evaluate the “elderly travel program planning”, which students performance and effect; 4. According the action of “elderly travel program planning” to mention outcome and suggestion.
In order to achieve purpose, an action research method was employed. there were 30 elderly students in Senior university of central Taiwan. The curriculum action research had lasted for eight lessons, two exercise in a ten-week. In order to know the students’ change after the program, various data was collected. The data analysis was mainly qualitative and quantitative supplemented, including achievement test, curriculum satisfaction, classroom observation checklist, feedback sheet, semi-structured interview towards students and observers, and reflective journal.
After analysis and induction of the data, the findings are as below:
1. First, the target of“elderly travel program planning” is combine "want" and "need", the target is train and educate students understand the situation of physiological and psychological by themselves, then get the ability and interesting which how to arrange the trip schedule.
2. The design of “elderly travel program planning” that to make and lay out the teaching material which depend on class target to create practical valuation, interaction and function.
3. The strategy of class of the exploratory phase including “first meet time”, provide “sing and dancing” to exercise, to give an example to clear the conception, and use the multimedia to provide assistance.
4. The “elderly travel program planning” compatible with diversity education method that including team discuss, “question situation” and role-play game(RPG), computer-aided education, computer-aided instruction, and “creative thinking import”.
5. After students join the “elderly travel program planning”, students got the huge knowledge in this training loop and had better performance at learning testing and traveling plan.
6. After this touring, there is the diversity of skills that appears on the communication and message delivery of this plan, traveling service, risky management, urgent case processing, and schedule control.
7. Students are in high satisfaction with this course and got the quite positive feedback from them. They appreciated the well learning atmosphere and praised the performance of teachers pretty highly.
8. Students thought the travel agency not alike to plan travel schedule autonomously that could be challenge by self, pursue playfulness, energy performance, learning need practice, small group and role planning.
9. Students expect to look for something amazing, provide mold of improvement continuously, to enjoy belongs to traveling style, to play with a definite goal, and to internalize lifestyle.

According the outcome of study, scholar mentions the suggestion as below:
1. The suggestion for trainer
（1） Have to concern the background of elderly students before go to class.
（2） Have to make a no pressure and friendly environment during learning class.
2. The suggestion of learner
（1） To continuously design the elderly travel plan of the adaptive and diversity.
（2） To form the interesting group, and held the activities of opportunity.
3. The suggestion of government
（1） To make the training institution which including senior education trainer and local teacher.
（2） To support the senior educational department to open the class of “elderly travel program planning”.
4. The suggestion for future
（1） The aspect of study target, could be expand to other background’s elder and senior education department.
（2） The aspect of study subject, could discover the different evaluate way and travel behavior autonomously in the future.
（3） The aspect of study method, could extend to analysis of experiment.

並列關鍵字

Elderly Travel Program Planning

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