社群網站與恐怖組織應用研究：以「伊斯蘭國」為例

Study of Application of Social Websites and Terrorist Groups - A Case Study of Islamic State

徐雍(Yung, Shu)

指導教授 ： 林泰和

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

網路科技發展至今，社群網站的出現大大連結了人們之間的生活，人們藉此找到共同的話題、並將資訊互相交流傳播，產生出如北非茉莉花革命、台灣太陽花運動等等對社會產生重大的影響的事件，但在這之中強大的資訊傳播能力也成為恐怖組織的工具，伊斯蘭國的興起將血腥暴力的內容做為其宣傳、恐嚇的工具，在這其中，我們必須要思考社群網站與恐怖主義所可能帶來的風險，並試圖減少可能產生的負面影響與傷害。
本研究嘗試就社群網站、恐怖組織的應用進行分析，蒐集國內外相關理論、新聞、案例來進行討論，從社群網站的影響、恐怖組織的應用、未來可能出現的謠言危機等面向進行討論，並就其發生過的案例進行分析，並就其嘗試就其危機管理的應用討論，並就其方式提出可能的解決方案。
本研究指出「資訊的速度與廣度影響事件發展程度」、「媒體是具有擴大傳播效果與製造危機的雙面刃」、「資訊使用成為恐怖組織的槓桿武器」等三項結論，在恐怖組織已經熟悉社群網站操作的狀況下，國安單位仍需持續觀察、找出弱點與可行的先制、危機管理措施，如此才可以將危機傷害降至最低。

關鍵字

謠言型危機 ； 伊斯蘭國 ； 社群網站 ； 恐怖主義 ； 網路恐怖主義

並列摘要

The appearance of social websites has connected people's life greatly. People communicate each other, lead the deep impact to society such as 2011 Arab Spring in north Africa and 2014 Sunflower Student Movement in Taiwan. But these power of communication also become the tool of terrorist groups, the rise of Islamic State uses the violence content as it's tool for propaganda and threaten.
In this study, we have to consider the risk of combining of social websites and terrorism, and find the way to reduce it's damage and negative effects.
This study attempts to analysis the using of combination with social websites and terrorism through collects theories, news and cases to discuss it's effects, utilization and risk. Finally suggest the way to reduce negative effects through the way of crisis management.
In conclusion, this research presents three findings: first, the speed and proliferation of information affects the degree of incident. Second, the ability to spreading widely or creating crisis turns media into a double-edged sword. Third, the utilization of information becomes the terrorist group's weapon of power leverage.
In the circumstances that terrorist groups know very well than governments and the security units still have to research the utilization of terrorist and it's weakness, find the pre-emptive way to stop or the measure of crisis management that to the minimum risk.

並列關鍵字

The crisis of rumor ； Islamic State ； Social Website ； Terrorism ； cyberterrorism

參考文獻

“Social media newsgathering: Stuart Hughes,” BBC Academy, Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/journalism/skills/social-media/article/art20130702112133515 [Accessed December 24, 2014]

林泰和，「國際恐怖主義研究─結構、策略、工具、資金」，問題與研究，第47卷第2期(2008年6月)，頁119-149。

Cantril, Hadley, Hazel Gaudet, and Herta Herzog, The Invasion from Mars: A Study in the Psychology of Panic: with the Complete Script of the Famous Orson Welles Broadcast (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1940)

Hoffman, Bruce, Inside Terrorism (New York: Columbia University Press, 2006)

Naiim ,Badii ; Walter ,Ward J. “The Nature of News in Four Dimensions,” Journalism Quarterly, Vol.57, No.2(1980), pp. 243-48.