國軍執行「災害防救」政策之檢證

臺灣人口稠密，山區佔頗大之比例，沿海鄉鎮又常有海水倒灌的問題，且核電廠也成為臺灣災害發生時之隱憂，天然災害防救議題應為國家應加以高度重視之議題。軍隊投入救災有其必要性，但是，能否發揮最大的效果，則是救災工作中最感迫切需要檢討之事項。若以結構現實主義之觀點來觀察我國現行災害防救的組織及參與者的地位，國軍所在的地位是整個災害防救體系的最下層。若以單元來看，國軍所在的地位完全是被動的，根本無法成為有力的單元，亦無法左右整個結構。目前國軍救災工作深受民意代表、媒體及利益團體左右，相對的軍人是否應該從事救災工作已經不是重點了。若以3i決策模型分析，可以從理念Ideas、利益Interests、制度化Institutionalization找出國軍救災適切性的關鍵因素。但是，在現今的社會氛圍下，媒體以及資訊（訊息獲得）似乎又操控著所有的議題，若能好好運用，對救災工作會有很大的助益。所以將第4i新聞機制（資訊）information加入研究，將研究面向聚焦於國軍投入災害防救之適切性。並且從政策上實施分析，套用(3+1)i決策模型，期能透過本次研究來找出一個較適宜國軍投入救災工作的切入點及退場機制，而不是一昧的擴大人力及資源的浪費，讓國軍的戰力能夠發揮在最適宜的地方。

關鍵字

天然災害；災害防救； (3+1)i決策模型

並列摘要

Taiwan region is densely populated, a very large proportion of the mountains, Coastal towns and often seawater intrusion problem, And nuclear power plants in Taiwan has become a worry when disaster strikes, Natural Disaster Prevention and Rescue should be a country must attach great importance to the issue. On the current situation in terms of troops into the Rescue its necessity, however, the ability to achieve maximum results, it is a matter of disaster Rescue work in the sense of the urgent need to review. In terms of structural realism of view to observe the status of our current Disaster Prevention and Rescue organizations and participants military position where the lowermost Disaster Prevention and Rescue entire system. In terms of units, the position where the military is completely passive, simply can not become a strong unit, they can not around the entire structure. Currently the military disaster Rescue work by representatives, media and interested parties about whether the military should be engaged in the opposing Rescue work is not the point. In terms of 3i decision model analysis, from the idea, interest, institutionalized military Disaster Prevention and Rescue relevance of key factors found. However, in today's social atmosphere, the media seems to have control of all the issue, if properly used, it will be very helpful for the Rescue work. So the news mechanism (IT) information added research will focus on the military-oriented research into disaster Prevention and Rescue of relevance. And from the implementation of policy analysis, applied (3 + 1) i decision - making model of able through this study to find a more appropriate military Rescue efforts start and end of the mechanism, rather than reimbursing the manpower and resources to expand waste, so that the military's combat power can play in the most appropriate place.