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  • 學位論文

高齡者參與正向心理課程對其心理健康改善之研究─以雲林縣社區日間照顧中心為例

A Study on a Positive Psychology Program’s Beneficial Effects on the Mental Health of Seniors: A Case of the Community Daycare Centers in Yunlin County

指導教授 : 胡夢鯨
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摘要


本研究目的為探討社區日間照顧中心高齡者參與正向心理課程實施後對其心理健康改善的效益為何,採用質性研究法,使用半結構式訪談,輔以參與觀察,選取九位參與正向心理課程學習活動的高齡者為訪談對象,探討包括生活背景、學習歷程,以及改善效益等面向,於分析歸納後獲取研究結果,同時於課程介入前後對於研究參與者實施簡式老年憂鬱量表(GDS-SF),與訪談結果進行相互印證,以探究正向心理課程介入後對於研究對象心理健康改善之成效。 針對研究目的,本研究獲致以下結論: 一、身體失能感受、心理適應困難為影響日照中心高齡者身心狀況的關鍵因素,進而產生心理健康的問題。 二、家庭互動關係不佳為引發日照中心高齡者心理情緒的影響因素。 三、日照中心高齡者參與正向心理課程學習態度歷經新鮮感,從抗拒到漸趨投入的心境轉折。 四、友伴關係與帶領者支持為催化日照中心高齡者投入正向心理課程學習的因素。 五、身體限制、認知功能與心理態度為主要參與學習的限制。 六、透過正向心理課程能有效改善日照中心高齡者心理健康、包含正向心理提升、認知功能增能、促進生活品質和帶動社會支持四方面。 七、老年憂鬱量表施測結果顯示正向心理課程對於日照中心高齡者心理健康改善具有效果。 依據研究結果,本研究提出以下建議: 一、對於政府主管機關: (一)完善高齡心理衛生政策,加強老年心理健康促進。 (二)重視高齡心理情緒議題,採取適當處置介入。 (三)透過終身學習活動,活化高齡者老年生命。 二、對於社區日間照顧機構: (一)促發高齡者正向情緒,形塑正向心理特質。 (二)創造心理健康的支持性環境,使高齡者繼續擁有控制感和選擇權。 (三)促使高齡者健康潛能的發揮,主動關懷並適時提供處遇。 (四)課程規劃必須顧及高齡者的教育需求,尤其是個別差異。 (五)透過心理相關學習活動安排,培養高齡者正向的生命經驗。 三、對於高齡者: (一)正向思考的心態,積極面對老年的生活。 (二)進行相關意圖性活動,激發正向情緒。 (三)提升自身靈性健康,思索生命意義課題。 四、對於未來研究的建議: (一)擴展研究對象與場域範疇,探究心理健康改善效益。 (二)採用不同研究典範與觀點,廣泛深入比較與探討。 (三)編製老年整體正向情緒量表,深化研究範圍與廣度。

並列摘要


This study discusses the beneficial effects of a positive psychology program on the mental health of senior citizens at community daycare centers. Employing qualitative research methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted and supplemented by participant observation. Nine participants of the positive psychology program’s learning activities were selected as interview subjects to examine various aspects, such as lifestyle characteristics, educational history and the program’s mental health benefits. The information collected was analyzed to establish research findings. Moreover, a short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-SF) was used on the participants both before and after their exposure to the aforementioned program. The results were then matched against the interview findings to determine the effects that the program intervention had on the subjects’ mental health. In view of the study objective, the following insights are concluded: A.The key factors affecting the physical and mental conditions of the seniors at daycare centers are the emotional impacts resulting from the impairment of body functions and the difficulty to adapt psychologically; both of which in turn cause mental health issues. B.Negative family relationship is an influential factor that triggers the emotions of seniors at daycare centers. C.The senior daycare participants experienced an initial curiosity toward the positive psychology program and showed a shift in their attitudes: from resistance to deepening engagement. D.Both fellowship and the leader’s support are the catalytic forces that engaged senior daycare participants in the positive psychology program. E.Physical limitations, cognitive functions and mental attitude are major limitations that hinder participation in the positive psychology program. F.The positive psychology program can substantially improve senior daycare participants’ mental health with positive psychological enhancement, increased capacity of cognitive functions, upgrading of the quality of life and generation of social support. G.Assessment results of the Geriatric Depression Scale show that the positive psychology program has beneficial effects on the mental health of senior daycare participants. Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made: A.For government authorities: 1.Enhance seniors’ psychological wellness by perfecting the geriatric mental health policies. 2.Pay particular attention to senior citizens’ mental and emotional issues, and intervene accordingly. 3.Reinvigorate old age through lifelong learning activities. B.For community day-care practices: 1.Trigger positive emotions in senior citizens to foster positive mental attributes. 2.Create a mentally beneficial, supportive environment where seniors enjoy freedom of choice and feel that they are in control. 3.Help the seniors to fulfill their health potential with needs met in a proactive, timely manner. 4.Planning of programs must take into consideration the educational needs of senior citizens, with particular emphasis placed on individual differences. 5.Psychology-related learning activities should be arranged for senior citizens to cultivate positive life experiences. C.For senior citizens: 1.Develop a positive mindset and face old age with a positive attitude. 2.Pursue intentional activities that trigger positive emotions. 3.Boost spiritual health and ponder the meaning of life. D.Recommendations for future research: 1.Expand the selection of subjects and the scope of study to investigate the mental health benefits of positive psychology programs. 2.Adopt different paradigms and viewpoints for more thorough comparisons and deeper inquiries. 3.From a holistic perspective, devise a positive emotions scale for seniors to further deepen and broaden the scope of study.

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