由Introduction to Fluid Mechanics可得知封閉管內流體的流量與管面積、壓力有關。然而不同管徑之管流匯流之後的混合比例,會因為匯流之後的總開口面積改變。流的水流量比例會隨著匯流後出水口大小的改變而有所變化。我們於實驗中找出兩水管匯流其混合比例與開口大小的關係,並驗證兩管匯流並非是兩單一管管流的線性疊加。 實驗中,使用了4"、3"、2.5"、2"的水管以4"水管為主配成4"比3"、4"比2.5"與4"比2"混合管的方式,來模擬混合流,並控制出水孔的大小,觀察鹽水量的變化。我們發現混合管之間有非線性的現象,導致大管跟小管會互相影響,分析混合管中的小管,看到流速在小孔時候速度會一樣,而大管會因小管的影響有變化。 此系統,近似於我們使用車流系統的情況。因此在這個系統中會發現大管與小管之間的流量、速度、Re之間的關係,就可以用我們整理出來的數據,解釋其現象。但是此系統無法跟車流模擬系統的情況百分之百一樣,表示有顆粒流的原因還未考慮進去。因此這個系統要注意到溶液的濃度,而溶液的濃度越濃,越可以表現出車流系統的情況。
According to Fluid Mechanics, the rate of steady flow in a pipe is in proportion to the product of its area and pressure, which is derived from continuity and Bernoulli’s principles. Nevertheless, the property of a mixing flow is not well discussed, e.g., two upstream pipes joining into one downstream pipe. In addition, the ratio in the downstream flow mixed from the two upstream flows should be a linearly combination of the two flows, which is not observed in many examples. Thus, a new equation governing the mixing flow is required. We first conducted experiments to correlate the flow rates in the two upstream and downstream pipes. The result shows the mixing flow is not just the superposition of the two upstream flows. The ratio of the two upstream flows in the downstream flow is dominated by the pipe with a smaller area in a high flow rate and is dominated by the pipe with a larger area in low flow rate This system is similar to the traffic system that the fluid, flow rates, and the mixing correspond to the vehicle, speed, and the interchanges, respectively. We compare the results of the mixing flow in the fluid and traffic and find they are compatible.
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