摘要
東海為台灣、中國、日本、韓國的傳統作業漁場，為半閉鎖且資源豐富的陸棚漁場，因各國依《聯合國海洋法公約》，制定《專屬經濟海域及大陸礁層法》，在領海基線外側200海浬劃為經濟海域，造成多國的經濟海域重疊，尤以釣魚台列嶼的主權歸屬更為臺、中、日所積極爭取。為解決漁權爭議，1996年台日首次在台北舉行「台日漁業會談」，17年間歷經16次正式會議及協商未果。主因在台日雙方對釣魚台主權的爭議，以及對劃設專屬經濟海域立場的不同，日方主張以地理中間線劃分，我國則主張衡平原則。為能維護漁民權益，台日雙方暫時將專屬經濟區的劃界議題擱置，而先就漁業問題進行協商，2008年我國海釣船「聯合號」於釣魚台海域遭日本公務船撞沉，引發國內民眾不滿，並多次由民間保釣團體前往釣魚台海域抗議，尤以2012年9月24日，宜蘭蘇澳區漁會自主性發動58艘漁船，前往釣魚台海域宣示主權及漁權，並以「爭漁權、求生存」為訴求，「和平、理性」方式繞島宣示主權後返港，這也是首次由官方派遣12艘艦艇護漁的大規模保釣行動。 2012年11月開始，台日雙方重啟第17次漁業談判，最後在2013年4月10日於台北賓館簽訂了「台日漁業協定」。漁業協定簽訂後不僅對漁業作業造成影響，更對雙方海巡單位勤務上造成衝擊，如何共同養護、共同利用管理專屬經濟區重疊水域內的漁業資源並維護東、南海海域主權即為海巡機關未來執勤的重點。
並列摘要
East china sea is Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea’s traditional fishing ground was the half-latched and resource-rich continental shelf fisheries, because each country according to the "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea" to develop "Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf Act," outside the territorial sea baseline 200 nautical mile economic waters classified as caused economic zones of many countries overlap, especially the sovereignty over Diaoyutai more sets, China, Japan actively sought.To solve the fishing rights dispute, the 1996 Taiwan held the first "Taiwan-Japan Fishery Talks" in Taipei. During 17 years after 16 formal meetings still unsuccessful though the negotiations. The main cause of the dispute between Taiwan and Japan on the sovereignty of the Diaoyutai, and the designation of the exclusive economic zone of the different positions, the Japanese side advocated the geographical division of the median line, while China advocates the principle of equity. To be able to safeguard the interests of fishermen, Taiwan and Japan to temporarily shelve the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone issues, and the first consultations on fisheries issues. Starting in November 2012, Taiwan and Japan fishery talks to restart the 17th, the last in April 10, 2013 at the Taipei Guest House signed the " Taipei-Tokyo fishery agreement." After the signing of fisheries agreements not only impact on fishing operations, more cause for the Coast Guard units on both sides service impact, how common conservation, common-use management of fishery resources in the waters of the exclusive economic zones overlap and to maintain the East, the South China Sea sovereignty is the Coast Guard authorities The focus of future duty.
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
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