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  • 學位論文

中高齡駕駛者老化知識、老化態度、駕駛風格與自我調整之關係研究

A Correlational Study on Knowledge of Aging, Attitude towards Aging, Driving Styles, and Self-regulation of Elderly Drivers

指導教授 : 黃錦山
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摘要


本研究旨在瞭解中高齡駕駛者老化知識、老化態度、駕駛風格與自我調整之情形;探討不同人口背景變項在老化知識、老化態度、駕駛風格與自我調整上的差異情形;分析中高齡駕駛者老化知識、老化態度、駕駛風格與自我調整之間的關係;最後,歸納研究結果,提出改善中高齡駕駛者之老化知識、老化態度、駕駛風格與自我調整的建議。為達上述研究目的,本研究採問卷調查法,以臺灣地區45歲以上,持有中華民國交通部製發普通小型車汽車駕駛執照之中高齡駕駛者為研究對象;總計發送問卷1,170份,回收問卷980份(回收率82.34%),有效問卷906份(有效率91.51%),抽樣誤差為3.26;以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析及Pearson積差相關等統計方法,進行資料分析與驗證研究假設。茲歸納研究發現與結論如下: 一、中高齡駕駛者在老化知識正確認知為中等以上程度,其中以年齡較長者、女性、自評健康狀況不錯以上及居住於北部地區者表現較佳。 二、中高齡駕駛者具有中等偏正向之老化態度,並以女性顯著高於男性、年齡較長者及自評健康狀況不錯及非常好者較為正向。 三、中高齡駕駛者整體為謹慎型駕駛風格,而自評健康狀況為尚可或以下者最為焦慮,自評健康狀況非常好者則較為謹慎。 四、中高齡駕駛者在自我調整為中等以上程度,其中年齡越長者其自我調整程度越高,而男性及自評健康狀況非常好者較具駕駛自信心。 五、中高齡駕駛者老化知識正確認知程度越高,其老化態度越正向。 六、中高齡駕駛者老化態度越正向,其負向駕駛風格的程度越低。 七、中高齡駕駛者老化態度越正向,其自我調整的自信心程度越高。 八、中高齡駕駛者具有焦慮型駕駛風格者其自我調整的自信心程度較低,而具謹慎型駕駛風格者其自信心程度則較高。 本研究依據研究發現與結論,針對政府機關、教育機構、中高齡駕駛者及未來研究提出相關建議。

並列摘要


The present study aims at investigating the knowledge of aging, attitude towards aging, driving styles, and Self-regulation of elderly drivers; examining the differences between the knowledge of aging, attitude towards aging, driving styles, and self-regulation of elderly drivers; and discovering the correlations between the knowledge of aging, attitude towards aging, driving styles, and self-regulation of elderly drivers. Profoundly, we will offer some suggestions regarding the knowledge of aging, attitude towards aging, driving styles, and self-regulation of elderly drivers based on the findings of the present study. To conduct this research, we adopted a quantitative questionnaire survey method. Our research subjects were all over forty-five years old, with formal driver’s licenses for small vehicles issued by Ministry of Transportation and Communications of Republic of China. We submitted 1,170 questionnaires in total, and we received 980 back with a recovery rate of 82.34%. Overall, 906 of them were valid (91.51%) with a sampling error of 3.26. In the current research, we conducted a descriptive statistical analysis, indepedent T-test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation analysis to further analyze our quantitative data for some discussion to verify the hypothesis of this study. To sum up, the parimary findings of the study are: 1. The level of the elderly drivers’ awareness on knowledge of aging is above average. Females, ones older ages, ones with good health condition in their self-assessment, and ones who live in the north performed better in terms of the level of awareness. 2. Among the elderly drivers with more moderate attitude towards aging, the scores of females are more significant than ones from males; ones with older ages and higher scores from the health condition section are more positive. 3. Generally speaking, the elderly drivers’ have a more cautious driving style. Ones with an acceptable self-assessment on their health conditions are most anxious. However, ones who rated their health conditions as very good are cautious. 4. The level of self-regulation of the elderly drivers are above moderate. Among them, ones who have higher level of self-regulation and higher scores on their health conditions would have the confidence for driving. 5. The elderly drivers with higher level of correct knowledge of aging would have more positive attitude towards aging. 6. The elderly drivers with more positive attitude towards aging are less likely to have negative driving styles. 7. The elderly drivers with more positive attitude towards aging would have more confidence on their self-regulation. 8. The elderly drivers with the anxious driving style would have less confidence on their self-regulation; on the other hand, ones with more cautious driving style would have more confidence on their self-regulation. Based on the findings and summaries of the current research, we offered some suggestions to the government, educational institutes, the elderly drivers, and future researchers as a reference.

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