應用擴散軟體結合臺灣地理資訊平台模擬氯乙烯儲槽洩漏之危害分析-以高雄某工業區為例

Simulation analysis on the hazardous of vinyl chloride leakage - a practical example from Kaohsiung industrial park.

張智銘(Chih-Ming Chang)

指導教授 ： 余伍洲

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

高雄市屬台灣石化工業重鎮之一，在民國103年8月因丙烯管線洩漏導致氣體爆炸，而毒性化學物質洩漏及危害程度日益嚴重，設定於不同季節下，在不同風速、溫度及不同洩漏量，探討氯乙烯洩漏之危害影響距離。研究方式運用美國環保署開發之公開軟體—模擬有害氣體擴散軟體(ALOHA），將輸出結果套疊於臺灣地理資訊平台（TGOS），探討洩漏對周遭區域潛在性之最嚴重的危害情境。本研究探討台灣林園工業區某家典型石化工廠，模擬其設備異常，安全防堵設施均失效後，氯乙烯氣體洩漏產生的危害情境，討論廠外民眾與機構疏散範圍及廠內緊急應變程序，並訂定意外洩漏發生之正確緊急應變組織及救援程序。 經模擬結果，在最嚴重狀況下，係以冬季環境、風速1.4 m/s、20.5℃、相對溼度67%、大氣穩定度為E為例，當5組儲槽存量80%，計5,769噸氯乙烯液體透過乙處8吋破裂孔全部洩漏，結果顯示，具有致癌之毒性化學物質氯乙烯，在ERPG-3 濃度為20,000 ppm下，危害距離達半徑1.7km環型區域，此區域內人員須強制疏散；在ERPG-2 濃度為5,000 ppm下，危害距離達半徑3.7km環型區域，此區域內需有避難之規劃。本研究建議運作毒性高之廠家及政府相關機構建構即時通報系統，能夠在發生洩漏狀況下，通報附近相關民眾，以獲得初期搶救時效及預防災害擴散之機制，以避免下風數公里處之居民受到危害。

關鍵字

擴散軟體 ； 洩漏 ； 氯乙烯 ； 地理資訊系統

並列摘要

Leaked propylene from pipelines resulted in the 2014 gas explosion incident in Kaohsiung, one of the crucial hubs for the petrochemical industry in Taiwan. Hazardous chemical spills and related hazard risks are on the rise. This study investigates the extent of influence vinyl chloride leakage bears on neighboring regions in terms of distance under various seasonal, wind velocity, temperature, and spill volume effects. The Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmosphere free software developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency is employed to export and overlay the results onto the Taiwan Geospatial One Stop portal to investigate the potential worst-case severity of leakages on neighboring regions. This study examines a typical petrochemical plant in Linyuan District of Kaohsiung City. A scenario is simulated in which the plant equipment malfunctions and safety and containment measures fail during a vinyl chloride gas leak. Subsequently, the evacuation zone surrounding the plant and the plant’s internal emergency response procedures are examined for formulating appropriate and accurate emergency response organizational and rescue operations related to leakage accidents.
The simulation settings are as follows: a worst-case scenario in a winter environment involving a wind velocity of 1.4 m/s, an outdoor temperature of 20.5 °C, a relative humidity of 67%, and an atmospheric stability of Stability Class E; 5 storage tanks filled up to 80% of the full storage volume; and a 5,769-metric ton vinyl chloride liquid leakage through an 8-inch rupture. The simulation results show under the Level 3 Emergency Response Planning Guideline (ERPG) concentration of < 20,000 ppm for vinyl chloride, a known human carcinogen, the hazardous range covered all regions within a radius of 1.7 km from the plant, in which all personnel within these regions must be evacuated. Under the ERPG-2 concentration of < 5,000 ppm, the hazard region covered a 3.7 km radius, for which evacuation plans should be developed. This study suggests that relevant governmental agencies and plants whose operations involve highly toxic materials should establish real-time reporting systems for alerting neighboring residents when a leakage occurs; this will facilitate initial rescue efficacy and provide hazard containment mechanisms to ensure the safety of residents living downwind from the accident site.

並列關鍵字

ALOHA ； leakage ； vinyl chloride ； TGOS

參考文獻

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