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  • 學位論文

柴油引擎發電機使用添加廢食用油生質柴油排放持久性有機污染物特性

Persistent organic pollutants emissions from a diesel engine generator fueled with blends of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel and fossil diesel

指導教授 : 陳瑞仁

摘要


許多生質柴油做為柴油引擎替代燃料之研究大都注重於排氣傳統氣體污染物(如HC、NO及CO)、PM、碳及PAHs等之減量,而關於排氣中持久性有機污染物(Persistent organic pollutants,簡稱POPs)之研究較少,因此本研究探討發電機引擎使用傳統石化柴油(即D100)及傳統石化柴油中添加 20 % 及40 % 廢食用油生質柴油(waste cooking oil biodiesel,簡稱 WCO-biodiesels,即以 W20 及 W40 表示)時排氣PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDD/Fs、及PBDEs特性。研究結果顯示:當發電機引擎1.5 kW及 3.0 kW負載下使用D100時,其排氣PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDD/Fs、及PBDEs質量濃度依序分別為 583~875 pg Nm-3、580~810 pg Nm-3、982~1408 pg Nm-3及 134~216 ng Nm-3;而PCDD/Fs、PCBs及PCDD/Fs毒性濃度則依序分別為 33.2~58.6、2.72~3.11及1.54~2.30 pg WHO2005-TEQ Nm-3。與D100相較,兩負載下隨廢食用油生質柴油添加比提高其排氣PCDD/Fs、PCBs、PBDD/Fs及PBDEs 質量及毒性濃度均大致上降低;排氣所測 4 種毒性有機污染物質量濃度之降低量由高至低依序為 PBDEs >> PCDD/Fs > PCBs ≒ PBDD/Fs ,質量濃度之削減率由高至低依序為PBDEs > PCDD/Fs > PCBs > PBDD/Fs ;而毒性濃度之降低量及削減率由高至低均依序為 PCDD/Fs > PCBs > PBDD/Fs。本研究結果顯示:回收之廢食用油除可再利用為生質柴油做為發電機引擎替代燃料外,並可減少排氣對人體健康及環境之危害。

並列摘要


Most studies of biodiesels as alternative fuels for diesel engines focus on reducing the emissions of traditional gaseous pollutants (e.g. HC, NOx and CO), PM, carbon species and PAHs. Little attention has been paid to the emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from engines. This study elucidates the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), that are emitted from a generator (non-road diesel engine) that is fueled with a blend of waste cooking oil biodiesels (WCO-biodiesels). Experimental results reveal that the mass concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDD/Fs and PBDEs from the diesel generator that was fueled with petroleum diesel (D100) under loads of 1.5 kW and 3.0 kW were 583–875 pg Nm-3, 580–810 pg Nm-3, 982–1408 pg Nm-3, and 134–216 ng Nm-3, respectively, while the toxicity concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDD/Fs were 33.2–58.6, 2.72–3.11, and 1.54–2.30 pg WHO2005-TEQ Nm-3, respectively. The mass and toxicity concentrations of the POPs that were emitted in the exhaust decreased as the percentage of added WCO-biodiesel increased from 0 vol% to 40 vol%, regardless of the loading, except for the toxicity concentration of W40. The reductions of the mass concentrations of the four POPs followed the order PBDEs >> PCDD/Fs > PCBs ≒ PBDD/Fs, and the reduction rates followed the order PBDEs > PCDD/Fs > PCBs > PBDD/Fs. However, the toxicity concentrations of these POPs followed the order PCDD/Fs > PCBs > PBDD/Fs. Therefore, WCO-biodiesels can feasibly be used as an alternative generator fuel, favoring the recycling/reuse of waste oils and mitigating hazards to human health and environment.

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