發電機引擎使用添加廢食用油生質柴油排氣粒狀物上金屬及排氣多環芳香烴化合物特性

Emissions of PAHs and particulate metals from a diesel engine generator fueled with blends of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel and fossil diesel

黃河蒼(Ho-Tsang Huang)

指導教授 ： 陳瑞仁

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

為瞭解發電機引擎不同負載下使用石化柴油 (Fossil diesel，即 D100) 及石化柴油中添加廢食用油生質柴油 (WCO-biodiesel blends，即 W) 時，對排氣粒狀物 (Particulate matter，簡稱 PM) 上金屬及排氣多環芳香烴化合物 (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，簡稱 PAHs) 影響，本研究發電機引擎在 1.5 kW 及 3.0 kW 負載下使用傳統石化柴油中分別使用添加 20 % 及 40 % 廢食用油生質柴油之混合生質柴油 (即 W20、W40)，以探討排氣 PM 上金屬及排氣 PAHs 特性。研究結果顯示：與 D100 相較，兩負載下發電機引擎排氣 PM、PM 上金屬及 Total-PAHs 與 Total-BaPeq 濃度均以 W20 有較佳減量效果；且在較高負載 (3.0 kW) 時其減量均增加。排氣 Total-PAHs 濃度中 HMW-PAHs 之減量雖相當少 (平均 1.6 %)，然排氣 Total-BaPeq 濃度中 HMW-BaPeq 之減量卻相當多 (平均 71.2 %)；排氣 Total-BaPeq 濃度之減量主要是由 HMW-BaPeq 之減量所貢獻 (平均 88 %)。排氣 PM 上 ΣMetals 含量由小至大均依序為 D100、W20 及 W40； PM 上分析之 21 種金屬均以 Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe 及 Zn 等 7 種金屬為主 (ΣMetal 中其佔之 Fraction 約 90 %)，其餘 14 種微量金屬則以 Mn、Cu、Sr 及 Pb 為主。與 D100 相較，兩負載下發電機引擎使用 W20 及 W40 時其單位時間耗油量 (Fuel consumption，簡稱 FC) 及單位功率耗油量 (Brake specific fuel consumption，簡稱 BSFC) 雖稍微增加 (FC 2.6 %；BSFC 3.6 %)；然若考量柴油引擎排氣 (Diesel engine exhausts，簡稱 DEEs) 對環境及人體健康之影響，使用生質柴油 (W20 及 W40) 時可有效降低 DEEs 中 Total-PAHs (平均 44 %) 及 Total-BaPeq 濃度 (平均 80 %)，顯示 WCO-biodiesel 是可行之潔淨替代能源之一。
關鍵字：廢食用油生質柴油、排氣粒狀物、金屬、PAHs。

關鍵字

廢食用油生質柴油 ； 排氣粒狀物 ； 金屬 ； PAHs

並列摘要

In order to understand the impacts of using fossil diesel (D100) and WCO-biodiesel blends (W) on the emissions of particulate matter (PM) metals and PAHs from a generator at different loadings, this study utilized traditional fossil diesel added with 20 % and 40 % WCO-biodiesel blends (W20 and W40) as the fuels of generator at 1.5 and 3.0 kW loads to investigate the emission characteristics of PM metals and PAHs. The results showed that compared with D100, using W20 had better reductions of emitted PM, PM metals, Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq at the two engine loads. The higher load (3.0 kW) had more mentioned reductions. The emitted HMW-PAHs reduction in Total-PAHs reduction was relatively small (1.6 % on average), but the emitted HMW-BaPeq reduction in Total-BaPeq reduction was high (71.2 % on average). The Total-BaPeq reduction was contributed mainly from the reduction of HMW-BaPeq (88 % on average). The contents of emitted PM ΣMetals from small to large were D100, W20 and W40 sequentially. The 21 analyzed PM metals were mainly consisted of Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe and Zn, accounting for 90 % of ΣMetal. Mn, Cu, Sr and Pb were the main species of the other 14 trace metals. Compared with D100, generator using W20 and W40 slightly increased FC (2.6%) and BSFC (3.6%) at both loads. To consider the impacts of DEEs on the environment and human health, using biodiesels (W20 and W40) could effectively reduce the Total-PAHs (44% on average) and Total-BaPeq (80% on average) of DEEs. Therefore, WCO-biodiesel is a good candidate of clean alternative energy sources.
Keywords: Waste-cooking-oil-biodiesel, Particulate matter, Metal, PAHs

並列關鍵字

Waste-cooking-oil-biodiesel ； Particulate matter ； Metal ； PAHs

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