大學室內場所二氧化碳與甲醛濃度分佈探討

A Study on the Concentration Distribution of Carbon Dioxide and Formaldehyde in Indoor Environments of an University

洪維仁(Wei-Jen Hung)

指導教授 ： 黃益助

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

2011年11月23日制定「室內空氣管理法」，室內空氣健康危害的議題被大家所重視，學生大部分時間都在教室內上課與活動，在密閉的建築物內享受空調系統帶來的舒適，當室內通氣量不足時，污染物就容易蓄積而導致室內空氣品質惡化，直接影響師生健康與教學品質。
選擇位於南部大學校園內八種不同類型室內場所，進行室內二氧化碳及甲醛的檢測，藉此校了解校園內不同場所室內空氣品質的狀況，提供學校管理階層正視校園室內空氣品質的管控，進而改善室內空氣品質較差的場所，以保護師生的健康。二氧化碳不會直接對人體造成傷害，當室內二氧化碳濃度太高時，對人體也會造成很大的傷害，實測校園二氧化碳濃度分佈狀況，一般教室與專業教室，是學校二氧化碳污染狀況最為嚴重的場所，濃度值持續累積甚至會超過3000 ~ 4000 ppm，其他場所平均濃度值約在430 ~ 864 ppm為電腦教室、集會堂、會議室、實驗室，二氧化碳濃度污染最輕微為圖書館。
甲醛為無色透明且有刺激性的氣體，也是最常見的室內空氣污染物，校園中室內環境，會因建築物不同的裝潢材料含有不同濃度的甲醛，師生在不自覺中吸入過量甲醛，影響身體健康。本研究發現甲醛異常狀況的場所為：（1）實驗室甲醛濃度0.116 ppm，是由福馬林（Formalin）溶液中溢散揮發出來；（2）專業教室甲醛濃度0.1085 ppm，是甲醛偵測儀器將乙醇濃度誤判為甲醛濃度；（3）會議室及集會堂甲醛濃度是清潔人員使用含有機溶劑（甲醛）的清潔劑。學校其餘室內場所皆符合室內空氣品質標準且大部分低於 0.03 ppm。所以學校應最優先改善教室室內二氧化碳污染問題，保障老師與學生健康。

關鍵字

室內空氣品質 ； 二氧化碳 ； 甲醛 ； 溫度 ； 濕度

並列摘要

"Indoor Air Quality Act" was formulated in Nov. 23th 2011, the topic of indoor air quality hazardous to health has grabbed the public attention. Students studied and moved in the classroom at most of time. If there is inadequate ventilation situation in the classroom, the pollutants will be easily accumulated and then causes the deterioration of air quality. This will impact the health of teachers and students and then effect the teaching quality.
We selected eight indoor environments from various university campus located in south of Taiwan to study the indoor carbon dioxide and formaldehyde. We hope to learn the air quality in different environments, and provide those information to school management authority to address the issues. To take further action to improve the air quality and to protect the teachers and students on campus. Carbon dioxide will not cause bodily injury directly, but high concentration of carbon dioxide will do. Results collected from the distribution of carbon dioxide concentration on campus, the classroom and professional classroom are the worse contaminated places. The accumulated concentration was up to 3000 ~ 4000 ppm. The next was the computer room, assembly hall, meeting room and lab. The average concentration is between 430 and 864 ppm. Library is the least concentration of carbon dioxide.
Formaldehyde （HCHO） is colorless and transparent gas with irritation, and also is the most common indoor air pollutants. Indoor environment of campus contain various concentration of HCHO based on the interior decoration materials being used in the building. Teachers and students will breath excess HCHO unconsciously and affect their health. This research displays the abnormal places of HCHO happened in: (1) laboratory（0.116 ppm）that is volatilized from Formalin; (2) profession classroom（0.1085 ppm）caused by formaldehyde misjudgement for ethanol by the detector; (3) meeting room and assembly hall by using the detergent containing organic HCHO solvent. The HCHO concentration in other indoor environments on campus meet the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) standards and mostly lower than 0.03 ppm. Therefore, to protect both teachers' and students' health, the priorities are to improve the quality of the air in the classrooms and solve the carbon dioxide problem at school.

並列關鍵字

Indoor Air Quality ； Carbon Dioxide ； Formaldehyde ； Temperature ； Relative Humidity

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