利用管柱實驗探討不同界面活性劑和操作條件對受柴油污染土壤淋洗效率之影響

A Study for Various Surfactants and Operation Conditions on the Flushing Effects of the Soil Contaminated by Diesel-a Column Test

陳冠諭(Guan-Yu Chen)

指導教授 ： 黃益助 ； 張國慶

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

本研究分二階段進行，第一階段利用兩種界面活性劑(TWEEN80/TX-100)，並分別加入不同濃度鹽類及丁醇，配置出兩大類之界面活性劑淋洗液，主要為了解在不同濃度和操作條件，探討柴油/水之間的界面張力能達到理想值。第二階段利用第一階段所得最佳操作條件進行淋洗受柴油污染土壤之管柱試驗，以探討淋洗條件與柴油脫除效率之關係。
第一階段結果顯示添加鹽類至TWEEN80 (183.6 CMC)及TX-100 (2.64 CMC)，其界面張力數值分別為0.0253 mN/m及0.01243 mN/m，添加丁醇後，其界面張力值分別為0.0495 mN/m及0.0491 mN/m，結果顯示添加TX-100降低柴油/水界面張力之效果叫TWEEN80佳。界面張力值越低，油相在水相流動性越高，藉此可把土壤中的柴油淋洗出來，達到降低土壤中之柴油濃度。
第二階段結果顯示利用不同溫度的去離子水進行淋洗，其淋洗效果並不明顯，但以TWEEN80及TX-100界面活性劑進行淋洗後，淋洗效率分別提高18 %及14 %。利用TWEEN80及TX-100進行管柱淋洗，TWEEN80的效果較佳，其去除率約為24 %。顯示出界面活性劑淋洗劑有助於脫除土壤中之柴油污染。

關鍵字

界面張力 ； 現地淋洗法 ； 界面活性劑 ； 管柱試驗

並列摘要

The research was conducted in two stages. The first stage utilized two kinds of surfactants (TWEEN80 and TX-100), and adds various concentrations of salt and butanol to formulate two types of surfactant flushing solution. The purpose is to investigate and optimize the interfacial tension between diesel and water under various operation conditions. The second stage was designed to perform column tests by flushing diesel-contaminated soil under the optimal operation condition obtained from the first stage and to study the correlation between flushing condition and diesel removal rate.
The results of the first stage showed that adding salts to 183.6 CMC TWEEN80 and 2.64 CMC TX-100 solutions could decrease the interfacial tension to 0.0253 and 0.01243 mN/m, respectively. While adding butanol to 183.6 CMC TWEEN80 and 2.64 CMC TX-100 solutions could decrease the interfacial tension to 0.0495 and 0.0491 mN/m, respectively. This result showed that the effect to reduce the interfacial tension between diesel and water by TX-100 is better than that by TWEEN80. The lower the values of interfacial tension are, the higher the mobility of oil in porous media. Therefore the diesel could be flushed out from contaminated soil under low interfacial tension to reduce the diesel concentration in the soil.
The results of the second stage showed that the flushing effects were not obvious using deionized water with different temperature, but using surfactant solutions of TWEEN80 and TX-100 could enhance the flushing efficiency to 18 % and 14 %, respectively. The results of column flushing tests showed that TWEEN80 as flushing agents is better for diesel removal from soil. The removal rate is around 24 %. It showed that surfactant flushing solution could be beneficial for removal of diesel pollutants in soil.

並列關鍵字

Interfacial tension ； In-situ flushing ； Surfactant ； Column test

參考文獻

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