探討工作場所中多溴聯苯醚暴露及風險-以診所與彩色濾光片工廠為例

Exposure and risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in workplace - taking clinic and color filter factory for examples

周惠明(Hui-Ming Chou)

指導教授 ： 林傑 ； 趙浩然

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/博士(2016年)

摘要

消費性產品有多溴聯苯醚(PBDEs)存在表面，因此PBDEs容易釋放到環境中。本研究目的分析工作場所空調濾網中的PBDEs濃度，並評估員工在含有PBDEs灰塵下工作的職業暴露。本研究於2013年4月至2014年9月在台灣南部收集了9間一般診所、4間牙醫診所、8間工廠辦公室與6間工廠無塵室，作為本研究的調查對象。利用高效能吸塵器採集空氣濾網灰塵，以高解析氣相層析/高解析質譜儀(HRGC/HRMS)進行PBDEs的濃度定量分析，一共檢測14種PBDEs，分別是BDE-28、47、99、100、153、154、183、196、197、203、206、207、208、209。獨立空調濾網中的灰塵PBDEs濃度，牙醫診所(736 ng/g)雖然比一般醫療診所(1600 ng/g)及電子廠辦公室(2570 ng/g)的濃度低，但未達統計顯著的意義。中央空調濾網灰塵中的PBDEs濃度(32,600 ng/g)顯著的高於獨立空調濾網。預估診所與辦公室員工的室內灰塵每日PBDEs攝入量，介於2.96×10–8 至 1.25×10–7 mg/kg b.w./day (29.6–125 pg/kg b.w./day)，前述的觀察值都低於最低觀察危害反應劑量（lowest observed adverse effect level, LOAEL）1 mg/kg b.w./day。診所及辦公室員工的PBDEs之非致癌性及致癌性風險皆低於閾值。本研究調查室內工作場所的PBDEs暴露，對員工皆沒有危害。而獨立及中央空調濾網灰塵中的PBDEs反映了室內PBDEs隨時間與空間累積的分布，本研究透過收集分析空調濾網的PBDEs濃度是一種可運用的研究方法。

關鍵字

多溴聯苯醚 ； 空調濾網 ； 室內灰塵 ； 診所 ； 辦公室 ； 健康風險

並列摘要

Because consumer products release them, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are frequently present in a variety of indoor environments including homes and workplaces. Our goal was to investigate PBDEs contamination of workplace air-conditioner filter dust to assess the health effects of contaminated dust on workers with occupational exposure. Nine medical clinics, four dental clinics, eight factory offices, and six factory clean rooms were selected in southern Taiwan between April 2013 and September 2014. Air-conditioner-filter dust was collected by a high-efficiency vacuum cleaner and then PBDEs were analyzed by a high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. The Σ14PBDEs (the sum of BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 196, 197, 203, 206, 207, 208, and 209) in independent-air-conditioner filter (IAF) dust was not significantly lower in dental clinics (736 ng/g) than in medical clinics (1600 ng/g) and electronic plant offices (2570 ng/g). PBDEs level was distinctly higher by an order of magnitude in central-air-conditioner system filter (CASF) dust in clean rooms (32,600 ng/g), than in IAF dust. In clinic and the office workers, PBDEs daily intake via indoor dust ingestion varied from 2.96×10–8 to 1.25×10–7 mg/kg b.w./day (29.6–125 pg/kg b.w./day), which was obviously below the lowest observed adverse effect of level (LOAEL) of 1 mg/kg b.w./day. Assessment of the risk of non-cancer diseases with neurobehavioral effects and of cancer with neurobehavioral effects in clinic and office workers was notably below threshold values (non-cancer: 1.00 and cancer: 1.00×10–6). In conclusion, clinic and office workers had no harmful effects in the currently existing levels of indoor dust PBDEs in workplaces. IAF or CSAF dust can possibly reflect spatial and temporal dust distribution in the microenvironment. It is also suggested that collection of air-conditioner filter dust may be an alternative method to conventional dust sampling for assessment of indoor contamination by PBDEs.

並列關鍵字

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers ； Air-conditioner filter ； Indoor dust ； Clinics ； Offices ； Health risk

參考文獻

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