屏東地區產婦母乳中氯化戴奧辛/呋喃、溴化戴奧辛/呋喃之濃度分佈

Levels of polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in breast milk from Pingtung area

林靜萱(Ching-Hsuan Lin)

指導教授 ： 趙浩然

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

持久性有機污染物(Persistent organic pollutants ,POPs)多氯聯苯戴奧辛(Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans ,PCDD/Fs)與多溴聯苯戴奧辛(polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans , PBDD/Fs)，廣泛的存在環境中，持續受到全世界的關注。因為其物理與化學性質，PCDD/Fs與PBDD/Fs均具有親脂性、急毒性，容易藉由生物累積性與生物放大作用，對生態系統及人類造成潛在之不良影響。母乳為瞭解產後嬰幼兒暴露於持久性有機污染物的重要樣本，因此本研究目的為調查母乳中PCDD/Fs與PBDD/Fs濃度，並進一步分析其對於嬰幼兒的影響。本研究於2014~2016年隨機挑選屏東地區健康的孕婦，所有的個案需回答一份詳細的日常飲食問卷和提供母乳樣本。25個樣品均使用高解析氣相層析儀/高效能質譜儀(HRGC/HRMS)共分析17種PCDD/Fs及12種PBDD/Fs同構物。母乳中的PCDD/Fs與PBDD/Fs平均濃度為2.89±1.18與0.117 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid (n=25)。在教育程度方面研究所與其他學歷之間有顯著的差異：低於高中(p=0.008)、大學(p=0.031)；在年收入的部分100萬~150萬顯著低於30萬~60萬之間(p=0.021)。本研究結果顯示胎次、年齡、BMI、是否與吸菸者同住等基本生理參數因子較飲食方面的因素影響來的高。本次研究所測得之母乳中PCDD/Fs濃度低於其他國家，台灣南部嬰幼兒平均每日攝入量為12.1 pg TEQ/kg bw/ day相似於其他國家之研究。

關鍵字

多氯聯苯戴奧辛 ； 多溴聯苯戴奧辛 ； 母乳 ； 每日攝入量 ； 嬰幼兒

並列摘要

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which widely determined in environment and still raised the globally public concern. Due to their chemical and physical character, high lipophilicity and toxicity, bioaccumulation and biomagnifications caused the potential adverse effect on ecosystem and human. Breast milk is an important sample for understanding the postnatal exposure of POPs in newborn and infant. Therefore, the aim of this study is thus to investigate concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs in breast milk to further assess the impact on newborn and infant via feeding breast milk. In the present study, participants were healthy pregnant women which randomly recruited from medical center of Pingtung areas in Southern Taiwan between December 2014 and June 2016. All of the participants answered questionnaires and offered their breast milk samples. Twenty five breast milk samples were measured by chemical analysis. Seventeen PCDD/Fs and twelve PBDD/Fs were analyzed with a high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS). Our result showed that mean concentration of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs were 2.89±1.18 and 0.117 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g lipid, respectively. Participants education is master which PCDD/Fs levels were significant lower than those high school (p=0.008) and university (p=0.031). Low concentration of PCDD/Fs was also found in high annual income (over 1 million) participants which were significant lower than low annual income (300-600 thousand). The parameters including, Age, number of birth, BMI and live together with smoker are more important factors than consumer of food. Evaluation the daily intake (DI) of PCDD/Fs, mean concentration of DI in Taiwanese infant is 12.1 pg TEQ/kg bw/day, our result showed the similar order magnitudes of DI to those found in other countries.

並列關鍵字

PCDD/Fs ； PBDD/Fs ； Breast milk ； Daily intake ； Infant

參考文獻

[1] Dimitriadou, L., Malarvannan, G., Covaci, A., Iossifidou, E., Tzafettas, J., Zournatzi-Koiou, V., and Kalantzi, O. I., 2016, "Levels and profiles of brominated and chlorinated contaminants in human breast milk from Thessaloniki, Greece," Sci Total Environ,Vol. 539, No. pp. 350-8.

[2] Pratt, I., Anderson, W., Crowley, D., Daly, S., Evans, R., Fernandes, A., Fitzgerald, M., Geary, M., Keane, D., Morrison, J. J., Reilly, A., and Tlustos, C., 2013, "Brominated and fluorinated organic pollutants in the breast milk of first-time Irish mothers: is there a relationship to levels in food?," Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess,Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 1788-98.

[3] Renfrew, M. J., McCormick, F. M., Wade, A., Quinn, B., and Dowswell, T., 2012, "Support for healthy breastfeeding mothers with healthy term babies," Cochrane Database Syst Rev,No. 5, p. CD001141.

[4] Allan Walker, M., 2010, "Breast Milk as the Gold Standard for Protective Nutrients," THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS,Vol. 156, No.

[7] Cortes, J., Cobo, M., Gonzalez, C. M., Gomez, C. D., Abalos, M., and Aristizabal, B. H., 2016, "Environmental variation of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in two tropical Andean Colombian cities using passive samplers," Sci Total Environ,No.