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  • 學位論文

大安溪沿岸臺灣鼬獾(Melogale moschata subaurantiaca)之活動範圍與族群密度

Home Range and Population Density of Formosan Ferret Badger (Melogale moschata subaurantiaca) along Da'an River

指導教授 : 翁國精 劉建男

摘要


隨著都市化的發展,人類與野生動物的接觸機會增加,提高了人畜共通疾病傳播。從1961年到2013年間,在台灣已超過五十年沒有狂犬病的案例。但在2013年7月16日發生台灣鼬獾(Melogale moschata subaurantiaca)狂犬病陽性案例,至2016年6月30日為止,已有550個鼬獾陽性案例,分布於9縣市76鄉鎮,而台灣西部的案例皆發生於大安溪以南。台灣鼬獾屬於台灣特有亞種,能適應農耕地、淺山地區等人類活動頻繁的區域,使得牠與人類和寵物、家畜等接觸的頻率提高。為了提供狂犬病防疫措施的參考,本研究探討大安溪兩側鼬獾族群活動範圍、移動距離,以及個體是否有跨過大安溪移動的情形,並嘗試以鼬獾面部花紋辨識以估計族群密度。本研究自2014年11月至2015年3月於台中后里鄉及苗栗三義鄉鯉魚潭兩樣區,進行鼬獾的無線電追蹤,10隻鼬獾活動範圍介於2.73 公頃到23.66 公頃之間,平均為8.96 公頃( SD= 6.15 公頃)。平均每日位移距離為31公尺(SD= 34公尺);平均每日移動距離距離為472公尺(SD= 236公尺),最大移動距離可達977公尺。兩個樣區的個體皆未有跨越大安溪的情形,因此鼬獾跨越大安溪的情形可能並不頻繁。本研究於2015年11月至2016年6月於苗栗縣獅潭鄉八卦力山架設紅外線自動照相機拍攝鼬獾影像,藉由個體花紋特異性進行個體辨識,以捕捉-標記-再捕捉法推估族群密度,以正面與側面辨識的族群密度分別為每平方公里:8隻和10隻。全島鼬獾的辨識率約81.28%,獅潭鄉樣區為75%。

並列摘要


As the growing of urbanization, the zoonotic disease spread around due to the frequently contact between humans and animals. Rabies was absent in Taiwan for more than fifty years from 1961 to 2013. On July 16, 2013 a rabies case was found in Formosan ferret badger (Melogate moschata subaurantiaca). Until June 30, 2016, there were 550 cases of ferret badger rabies located in 76 townships in 9 counties. All cases occurred in the south of Da-an River. Formosan ferret badger is an endemic subspecies of Taiwan. They adapt to the areas with human activities such as agricultural lands and low hills. Frequent contact between ferret badgers and humans or pets is unavoidable. In order to provide information for epidemic control, this research investigate the home rang size, moving distance and movement across Da-an River of the ferret badger populations on both sides of Da-an River. This research also tried to estimate the ferret badger's population density by identifying facial patterns of ferret badger. This research radio-tracked 10 ferret badgers during November 2014 and March 2015 in Houli, Taichung and Sanyi and Liyutan, Miaoli. The home range size was from 2.73 hectares to 23.56 hectares, with an average of 8.96 hectares (SD = 6.15 hectares). The average of daily distancement was 31 meters (SD = 34 meters). The average of daily moving distance was 472 meters (SD = 236 meters), with a maximum of 977 meters. During the study period, none of the radio-tracked individuals cross the Da-an River. This research also set up cameras traps in Baguali Mountain, Shitan, Miaoli during November 2015 and June 2016. Ferret badger were identified by their facial patterns and capture-mark-recapture method was used to estimate population density. The estimated population density was 8.16 and 10.21 per square kilometer by using front view and side view of the facial patterns, respectively. The identification rate for ferret badgers in Taiwan was about 81.28% and 75% for individuals in Shitan.

並列關鍵字

Radio-track Individuals identify Rabies

參考文獻


圖2、2015年11月至2016年6月於獅潭鄉樣區相機架設點位 31
圖17-a、2014年11月至2016年2月大安溪北岸鯉魚潭樣區鼬獾個體活動範圍重疊程度 44
圖17-b、2014年11月至2016年2月大安溪南岸后里樣區鼬獾個體活動範圍重疊程度 45
圖1、位於大安溪南北岸捕捉及無線電追蹤樣區位置 30
圖3-a、鼬獾辨識系統定義之正面花紋 32

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