甘比亞中小型農企業輔導方式之檢討

甘比亞中小農企業的績效表現不佳，其中一個可行的解決之道是為中小企業提供輔導服務。輔導係指藉由提供應中小企業發展的專業技能與精神支持, 培育對企業永續經營。卻少有相關研究探討甘比亞中小農企業之輔導。本研究參考相關文獻設計問卷進行資料蒐集，問卷對象為經理及員工, 實際回收62份有效問卷。研究結果指出僅少數女性任職於中小型農企業，男性則佔多數(83%的經理與78%的員工)，很可能是受到文化影響。此外，許多受訪者已取得學位證書(56%的經理與42%的員工)，但卻很少或沒有接受過管理技巧的訓練。他們大多缺乏風險管理的知識卻冒險投資而往往以失敗收場。研究結果也指出管理技巧對投資的重要性。受訪者多數高度理解並重視商業投資議題。同時，教育程度與管理技巧也呈現高度相關。本研究推論，欲成功開展中小型事業者，會需要更具效率、效果的訓練和諮詢服務。總結而言，本研究建議甘比亞相關政府單位、私人機構與非政府組織加強對個人與團體在管理技巧訓練、及提供資金上的協助。日後中高級政府機構應將建立輔導組織、提供企業訓練以及創新技巧納入策略考量。

關鍵字

甘比亞；輔導；中小型農企業

並列摘要

The performance of SMEs in The Gambia is very poor; a possible solution is to provide mentoring service to them. Mentoring is the function of nurturing and supporting by providing SMEs with professional skills development, and moral support to positively impact on the business sustainability. However, little studies relate to mentoring of agricultural SMEs in The Gambia. This study empirically investigate the basic profile of agricultural business mentoring, the skill sets; and to represent the importance of the skills as represented in the model and to understand the mentoring for start-up business in the country. Semi structured questionnaires with reference to literature studies from other countries were used to gather data. Data was collected from staffs. A sample size of 100 respondents from the agro-enterprises was identified, out of which 62 were received. Results indicated that limited numbers of female staffs were involved in agro-enterprises. Male dominated in all areas (83.3% for managers; 78.0 employees), probably due to cultural influences. It has also shown that many of the staffs had attained diploma level (managers 56.0% and employees 41.7%) but had little or no training on entrepreneurial and business skills. It indicated that entrepreneurial skills are very important to venture in any business as most indicated that they had strong understanding within the mean range to venture in any business. The results also revealed some average relationship between educational level and entrepreneurial skills are significantly correlated. It was suggested that there is need for an efficient, effective and advisory service for training if people are to start a small business in the country successfully. In conclusion, we suggested that the authorities, private organizations and non-governmental organizations to help strengthen their support in term of entrepreneurial skills training, encouragement, and finance to the individuals and groups. Also establishment of mentoring organization and entrepreneurship training as well as innovative skills in all high and tertiary institutions in the country to put into consideration.

並列關鍵字

agricultural small and medium enterprise ； mentoring ； The Gambia

參考文獻

African Development Bank (ADB) (2003) Enhancing Development in Africa: African Women in Small and Medium Sized Businesses, the continents hidden growth reserves. ADB, Egypt.

Antonites, A. J. (2003) An Action Learning Approach to Entrepreneurial Creativity, Innovation and Opportunity Finding. DCom Thesis, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

Beaty, L., J. Lawson, T. Bourner, and S. O’Hara (1997) Action Learning Comes of Age Part 3: Action Learning for what? Education and Training, 39(5), 184-188.

Beaver, G. and P. L. Jennings (2000) Small Business, Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development, Journal of Strategic Change, 9(7), 397-403.

Bell, C. R. (1996) Managers as Mentors: Building Partnerships for Learning. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. San Francisco

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甘比亞中小型農企業輔導方式之檢討

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