添加特定光譜照明對二種石斛蘭(D.huoshanense 和D. nobile)組培苗生長與生理化學反應之影響

Effects of Supplementary Light Wavelengths on Growth and Phytochemicals of Dendrobium (D. huoshanense and D. nobile) Tissue Culture Seedlings

尹馬戎(Apirak Yinmaroeng)

指導教授 ： 謝清祥

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00177

摘要

霍山石斛和金釵石斛是受歡迎的溫帶型蘭花，通常作為市場上傳統的藥用作物。雖然市場需求高，但兩種石斛的資源有限，種子繁殖因為缺乏胚乳種子活性差而備受困擾。本論文研究目的是使用T5燈管外加不同波長調查對兩種石斛蘭組培幼苗生長與生理化學之反應，並找出適當的光波長或組合，來提高這兩種組培苗之生產。試驗以 組織培養霍山石斛的莖節與金釵石斛小苗，在不同光線的條件下，以T5為主要光線來源，包括白光T8、T5、T5+440 nm藍光、T5+ 610 nm紅光、T5+658 nm紅光、T5+藍光440 nm +紅光610 nm、T5+440 nm藍光+658 nm紅光和T5+紅光610 nm+紅光658 nm等為處理。外加光波長處理後，兩種石斛蘭的生長與化學成分濃度顯著受到影響。就生長特性對兩種石斛蘭而言，最佳的結果是T5+658 nm紅光。與T5對照，外加658 nm紅光後，霍山石斛的鮮重、乾重、莖數、葉片數、根數和芽數皆顯著增加，而金釵石斛的鮮重、乾重、根數、根長、葉片數和株高亦顯著增加。另ㄧ方面，單一外加440 nm藍光或組合波長處理，其生長特性下降。T5+440 nm藍光+610 nm紅光處理後，霍山石斛和金釵石斛的乾重更有效累積。經T8和T5+440 nm藍光+658 nm紅光處理霍山石斛表現較高的葉色比分，金釵石斛的葉色比分則以T5處理後最佳，之後是T5+658 nm紅光。外加440 nm藍光或組合波長處理，霍山石斛植體氮百分比增加，而金釵石斛僅在440 nm藍光處理後植體氮百分比增加。與T5對照，外加440 nm藍光處理會讓這兩種石斛蘭的澱粉含量增加。在T5+440 nm藍光+610 nm紅光處理下，霍山石斛的可溶性糖類含量顯著增加，但是外加波長處理對金釵石斛的可溶性糖類含量沒有顯著差異。本研究結果建議，T5+440 nm藍光可顯著提升澱粉含量與植體氮百分比，而T5+658 nm紅光可提高植物生長反應。雖然植物化學成分內變化機制在不同外加光波長處理下仍未被了解，結果得知組織培養處理外加光波長可策略性提高霍山石斛和金釵石斛的生長與生理反應。

關鍵字

霍山石斛 ； 金釵石斛 ； 光波長 ； 生長 ； 植物化學成分

並列摘要

Dendrobium huoshanense and Dendrobium nobile are popular temperate orchids commonly marketed as traditional medicinal plants. Although the market demands are high, the resources of D. huoshanense and D. nobile are limited because seed propagation have been beset with problems of poor seed viability due to lack of endosperm. The objectives of this study were to investigate the use of T5 fluorescent light and with its supplementary wavelengths on the tissue culture seedlings of these two orchids. And, to find out suitable light wavelength or combinations which can enhance plant growth and phytochemical accumulation of these two Dendrobium species. Stem nodes of D. huoshanense and plantlets of D. nobile were grown under different light conditions in vitro, namely: T8 tubular white fluorescent lamps (T8), T5 tubular white fluorescent lamps (T5), T5 as the main light source and supplementary by Blue 440 nm (T5 + B440), Red 610 nm (T5 + R610), 658 nm (T5 + R658), Blue 440 nm plus Red 610 nm (T5 + B440 + R610), Blue 440 nm plus Red 658 nm (T5 + B440 + R658) and Red 610 nm plus Red 658 nm (T5 + R610 + R658). The effects of different supplementary light wavelengths on phytochemicals and growth were investigated. Growth characters, soluble sugar content, starch content and percentage of nitrogen were measured after 3 months of culture. Growth and phytochemical concentration of D. huoshanense and D. nobile were significantly affected by supplementary light wavelength treatments. The best results in terms of growth characters for these two Dendrobium species occurred on T5 white light supplemented with red 658 nm (T5+R658). The fresh weight, dry weight, number of nodes, number of leaves, number of roots and number of shoots of D. huoshanense was significantly increased with supplementary red 658 nm. Fresh weight, dry weight, number of roots, root length, number of leaves and plant height and of D. nobile also significantly increased with supplementary red 658 nm as compared to those in the T5 white light control. On other hand, when blue 440nm was supplemented single or combined wavelength, growth characters decreased. T5+B440+R610 treatment was more effective on dry matter accumulation of D. huoshanense and D. nobile. T8 and T5+B440+R658 showed higher plant color rating in D. huoshanense. Plant color rating of D. nobile was the greatest with T5 followed by T5 + R658. Percentage of nitrogen of D. huoshanense increased with supplementary blue 440 nm single or combined wavelength. D. nobile increased only with supplementary blue 440 nm wavelength. Starch content of these two Dendrobium species increased with supplementary blue 440 nm single wavelength as compared to the T5 white light. Soluble sugar content of D. huoshanense was significantly increased when grown under T5+B440+R610. But, soluble sugar content was not significantly affected with supplementary ligth wavelength treatment in D. nobile. This study suggests that T5 + B440 could significantly promote the starch content and percentage of nitrogen and T5 + R658 increased plant growth. Although the mechanisms of changes in phytochemicals under different supplementary light wavelength are not well known, the results demonstrated that supplementary light wavelength could be strategically used to enhance physiological responses and growth of D. huoshanense and D. nobile grown under white light in vitro.

並列關鍵字

Dendrobium huoshanense ； Dendrobium nobile ； Light wavelengths ； Growth ； Phytochemicals

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