藉由添加生物製劑強化兩相式高溫厭氧醱酵程序處理有機廢棄物

Bioaugmentation treatment of a two-phased thermophilic anaerobic digestion system treating organic wastes

吳晧瑋(Hao-Wei Wu)

指導教授 ： 郭文健

國立屏東科技大學/工學院/環境工程與科學系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00259

摘要

摘要
學號：M9931001
論文題目：藉由添加生物製劑強化兩相式高溫厭氧醱酵程序處理有機廢棄物
總頁數：203頁
學校名稱：國立屏東科技大學 系(所)別：環境工程與科學
畢業年月：2012年8月 學位別：碩士學位
研究生：吳晧瑋 指導教授：郭文健 博士
論文摘要內容：
本研究藉由添加生物製劑TCW1強化兩相式半連續式高溫厭氧醱酵試驗，以能源作物狼尾草搭配葉菜類廚餘做為進料基質來產氫與甲烷，並利用分子生物技術來鑑定菌種TCW1是否存活在反應槽內。
實驗室半連續式反應槽操作條件:酸化槽體積為3L，每日進料0.5L，HRT為6天，醱酵槽體積為10L，每日進料0.5L，HRT為20天，酸化槽有機負荷控制在13.3 g COD/L-day，甲烷槽有機負荷控制在4 g COD/L-day，並每日監測pH、ORP，在pH值方面酸化槽與甲烷槽分別控制在pH5.5、pH7.5，溫度方面皆控制在高溫55℃；而移動式高溫厭氧醱酵系統酸化槽900 L，甲烷槽4000 L，酸化槽與甲烷槽每日進料200 L，酸化槽水力停留時間為4.5天，甲烷槽20天。酸化槽有機負荷控制在17.8 TCOD kg/m3-day，甲烷槽有機負荷控制在4 TCOD kg/m3-day，在pH值方面添加碳酸氫鈉控制在酸化槽pH =5.5，甲烷槽pH=7.5，溫度控制方面藉由加熱棒將溫度控制在高溫55℃。
實驗室厭氧醱酵試驗分成三個階段；第一階段是以(葉菜類廚餘+TCW1):狼尾草=1:3，TCOD去除率酸化槽與甲烷槽分別為13.32±5.54 %與60.91±9.57 %，SS去除率分別為12.32±19.19 %與63.88±20.65 %，纖維素去除率分別為16.07±6.13%與55.37±9.61%，酸化槽產氫百分比平均為16.44±1.09%，平均產氫量為0.16±0.03 H2 L/day，醱酵槽產甲烷百分比平均為54.84±1.86 %，平均產甲烷量為5.71±1.04 CH4 L/day。
第二階段以(葉菜類廚餘+TCW1):狼尾草=3:1，TCOD去除率酸化槽與甲烷槽分別為16.85±5.44 %與62.94±3.76 %，SS去除率分別為20.12±12.96 %與59.72±17.30 %，纖維素去除率分別為23.59±10.98%與54.89±9.29%，酸化槽產氫百分比平均為35.58±2.88%，平均產氫量為0.94±0.16 H2 L/day，醱酵槽產甲烷百分比平均為63.39±0.96 %，平均產甲烷量為8.43±0.76 CH4 L/day。
第三階段以葉菜類廚餘:狼尾草=3:1，TCOD去除率酸化槽與甲烷槽分別為8.14±2.58 %與61.69±6.52 %，SS去除率分別為13.38±5.53 %與70.96±6.71 %，纖維素去除率分別為15.95±6.38%與71.95±4.99%，酸化槽產氫百分比平均為24.88±5.99%，平均產氫量為0.46±0.08 H2 L/day，醱酵槽產甲烷百分比平均為62.15±6.54 %，平均產甲烷量為6.7421±1.18 CH4 L/day。
而移動式厭氧醱酵試驗分為兩個階段；第一階段是單一廚餘進料，TCOD去除率酸化槽與甲烷槽分別為14.37±11.05 %與46.07±7.12 %，SS去除率分別為20.75±5.68 %與52.08±4.39 %，醱酵槽產甲烷百分比平均為53.2 %，平均產甲烷量為731±373 CH4 L/day。
第二階段以廚餘:狼尾草=3:1，TCOD去除率酸化槽與甲烷槽分別為3.62 %與45.03 %，SS去除率分別為15.49 %與53.56 %，醱酵槽產甲烷百分比平均為41.6 %，平均產甲烷量為701±252 CH4 L/day。
利用分子生物技術PCR-DGGE對反應槽內菌種做鑑定，發現酸化槽在第一階段有TCW1存在，至於第二階段雖然有添加TCW1但並未檢出，可能原因是DNA樣本放置在-20℃環境太久的緣故導致抽取PCR效果並不良好，而甲烷槽在第一階段與第二階段都有發現TCW1存在，在第三階段並未發現TCW1存在甲烷槽中。

關鍵字:高溫厭氧消化、纖維素、生物製劑、PCR-DGGE

關鍵字

高溫厭氧消化 ； 纖維素 ； 生物製劑 ； PCR-DGGE

並列摘要

Abstract
Student ID: M9931001
Title of Thesis: Bioaugmentation treatment of a two-phased thermophilic anaerobic digestion system treating organic wastes
Total Pages: 203
Name of Institute: National Pingtung University of Science and Technology
Name of Department: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
Date of Graduation: August, 2012 Degree Conferred: Master
Name of Student: Hao-Wei Wu Adviser: Dr. Wen-Chien Kuo
The Contents of Abstract in this Thesis：
This study aims at the bioaugmentation treatment of a two-phased thermophilic anaerobic digestion system. Napiergrass and leafy kitchen waste were used to produce hydrogen and methane. Molecular biotechnology was applied to monitor existence of the bioaugmented culture, TCW1.
A laboratory-scaled, semi-CSTR thermophilic anaerobic digestion system was used in this study. Volume of the acidogenic tank is 3L with a daily feed of 0.5L. Volume of the methanogenic tank is 10L with a daily feed of 0.5L. Hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and organic load rates (OLRs) in the acidogenic and methanogenenic tanks are 6 and 20 days, and 13 and 4 g COD/L-d, respectively. Temperatures were controlled at 55oC for both tanks, reactor pH and ORP were monitored daily, and pHs were controlled at 5.5 and 7.5 in acidogenic and methanogenenic tanks, respectively. A mobile system was used for the pilot-scale study. Volumes of the acidogenic and methanogenic tanks are 900L and 4000L, respectively. The daily feed to the mobile system is 200L, and this gives the HRTs of 4.5 and 20 days in the acidogenic and methanogenenic tanks, respectively. OLRs in the acidogenic and methanogenenic tanks are 17.8 g and 4 g COD/L-d, respectively. Temperatures were controlled at 55oC for both tanks, reactor pH and ORP were monitored daily, and pHs were controlled at 5.5 and 7.5 in the acidogenic and methanogenic tanks.
Investigation in the laboratory was divided into three stages. In the first stage, COD from leafy kitchen waste plus TCW1 vs. napiergrass was set at 1:3. TCOD, SS, and cellulose removal efficiencies in acidogenenic and methanogenenic tanks were 13.32±5.54% and 60.91±9.57%, 12.32±19.19% and 63.88±20.65%, 16.07±6.13% and 55.37±9.61%, respectively. Average percentage of hydrogen produced in acidogenic tank was16.44±1.09%, with an average gas production rate of 0.16±0.03 H2 L/d. Average percentage of methane in the methanogenic tank was 54.84±1.86%, with an average methane production rate of 5.71±1.04 CH4 L/d.
In the second stage, COD from leafy kitchen waste plus TCW1 vs. napiergrass was set at 3:1. In this stage, TCOD, SS, and cellulose removal efficiencies in acidogenic and methanogenic tanks were 16.85±5.44% and 62.94±3.76%, 20.12±12.96% and 59.72±17.30%, and 23.59±10.98 and 54.89±9.29%, respectively. Average percentage of hydrogen production in acidogenesis tank was 35.58±2.88%, with an average gas production rate of 0.94±0.16 H2 L/d. Average percentage of methane in the methanogenesis tank was 63.39±0.96%, with an average methane production rate 8.43±0.76 CH4 L/d.
In the third stage, COD from leafy kitchen waste vs. napiergrass was set at 3:1 (no TCW1 was added). In this stage, TCOD, SS, and cellulose removal efficiencies in acidogenic and methanogenic tanks were 8.14±2.58% and 61.69±6.52%, 13.38±5.53% and 70.96±6.71%, and 15.95±6.38 and 71.95±4.99%, respectively. Average percentage of hydrogen production in acidogenic tank was 24.88±5.99%, with an average gas production rate of 0.46±0.08H2 L/d. Average percentage of methane in the methanogenic tank was 62.15±6.54%, with an average methane production rate 6.7421±1.18 CH4 L/d.
Study in the mobile system was divided into two stages. In the first stage, influent COD was from kitchen waste only. TCOD, SS removal efficiencies in acidogenic and methanogenic tanks were 14.37±11.05% and 46.07±7.12%, 20.75±5.68% and 52.08±4.39%, Average percentage of methane in the methanogenic tank was 53.2%, with an average methane production rate of 731±373 CH4 L/d.
In the second stage, COD from kitchen waste vs. napiergrass was set at 3:1. In this stage, TCOD, SS removal efficiencies in acidogenesis and methanogenesis tanks were 3.62% and 45.03%, and 15.49% and 53.56%, respectively. Average percentage of methane in the methanogenic tank was 41.6%, with an average methane production rate 701±252 CH4 L/d.
Molecular biotechnology of PCR-DGGE was applied for the identification of TCW1 in the laboratory study. The TCW1 was found to survive in the first stage. In the second stage, there was no TCW1 can be found in the acidogenic tank. Possible explanation was that DNA samples was kept too long in the temperature of -20 ℃ and this led to a failure in the extraction of PCR. Nevertheless, this bioaugmented TCW1 was found at the first and second stage in the methanogenic tank, but not found in the third stage.
Keywords：Thermophilic anaerobic digestion, Cellulose, Bioaugmentation, PCR-DGGE.

並列關鍵字

Thermophilic anaerobic digestion ； Cellulose ； Bioaugmentation ； PCR-DGGE

參考文獻

謝秉衡，，以強化纖維分解菌提升高溫厭氧醱酵效能之研究，屏東科技大學，環境工程與科學系，碩士論文，屏東。

Angelidaki,S.P.Petersen,and B.K.Ahring,1989,”Effects of lipids on thermophilic anaerobic digestion and reduction of lipid inhibition upon addition of bentonite,”Applied Microbiology Biotechnology,33:469-472

Askarieh, M. M., A.V. Chambers, F.B.D. Daniel, P.L. FitzGerald, G.J. Holtom, N.J. Pilkington, and J.H. Rees.,2000,” The chemical and microbial degradation of cellulose in the near field of a repository for radioactive wastes. “Waste Management, 20, 93-106.

Braber,K., 1995.Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste：A modern waste disposal option on the verge of breakthrough, Biomass and Bioenergy.9：365-376.

Buranov, A.U., Mazza, G., 2008. Lignin in straw of herbaceous crops. Industrial Crops and Products, 28, 237-259.