- 學位論文
發電機使用添加丙酮、異丙醇於廢食用油生質柴油排氣多環芳香烴化合物及細胞毒性特性
PAHs and cytotoxicity of exhaust emissions from a generator fuelled by waste-edible-oil-biodiesel with acetone and isopropyl alcohol addition
摘要
論文摘要內容: 近年來因原油蘊藏量減少及油價上漲，使各國紛紛投入替代能源之研發，其中以生質柴油為柴油引擎替代燃料廣受大家重視與研究。本研究以1～3 %純丙酮(Acetone，簡稱A)/含水丙酮(water-containing acetone，簡稱WA)及1 %異丙醇(Isopropyl alcohol，簡稱P)分別混合1、3、5、10、20及30 %酯化廢食用油(Waste-edible-oil biodiesel，簡稱W)於純石化柴油(67～97%)之混合生質柴油(Biodieselhol)，以探討發電機在無負載及3 kW負載下使用各混合生質柴油摻配比時排氣多環芳香烴化合物(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)及其毒性當量(BaPeq)排放特性；此外利用人類男性單核細胞(U937)以MTT(3-(4,5dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)法對排氣各有機溶劑萃取物進行細胞毒性試驗。初步研究結果顯示:無論有無負載發電機使用W1、W3、W5、W10、W20及W30等各廢食用油生質柴油時，其排氣Total-PAHs及Total-BaPeq濃度均以W20時最低。與D100相較，無論有無負載發電機使用各廢食用油生質柴油及混合生質柴油(Biodieselhols)時均可降低其排氣Total-PAHs及Total-BaPeq濃度，當廢食用油生質柴油添加1~3%純丙酮/含水丙酮時可再降低其排氣Total-PAHs及Total-BaPeq濃度，且大致上隨純丙酮或含水丙酮添加比例提高其排氣Total-PAHs及Total-BaPeq濃度可再進一步降低。 與D100相較，無論有無負載發電機使用添加丙酮/含水丙酮之混合生質柴油可有效減少排氣有機溶劑萃取物對U937之死亡率。與W1、W3、W5、W10及W20相較，發電機3 kW負載下使用添加1~3%丙酮/含水丙酮之混合生質柴油時均可進一步降低其排氣有機溶劑萃取物對U937死亡率，且均隨丙酮/含水丙酮添加比例增加其排氣有機溶劑萃取物死亡率可再進一步降低，且排氣有機溶劑萃取物對U937死亡率之減少均為WnWA3> WnWA2> WnWA1。 關鍵字:發電機、廢食用油生質柴油、丙酮、異丙醇、多環芳香烴化合物、細胞毒性
並列摘要
The Contents of Abstract in this Thesis : Due to the depletion of oil reserves decreasing and the rise of oil price in recent years, many countries have devoted to the research and development of alternative energies, among which biodiesel is regarded as an attractive substitute fuel for diesel engines. In this study, the addition of acetone (denoted as A)/water-containing acetone (denoted as WA) (1–3%) and isopropyl alcohol (denoted as P) (1%) mixed with waste-edible-oil biodiesel(denoted as W)(1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 30%) to pure petrodiesel (67–97 %) to form Biodieselhol as the fuels of a generator (unloaded and 3 kW loaded) to investigate the emission characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxicity equivalency(denoted as BaPeq). The male human promonocyte cell line (U937) and MTT (3-(4,5dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) methods were used to test the cytotoxicity of organic solvent extraction of emission gas. Preliminary results showed that the Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq of W20 was the lowest among using W1, W3, W5, W10, W20 and W30, in spite of the load mode (unloaded or loaded) of generator. Compared with D100, using either Waste-edible-oil biodiesel or Biodieselhols reduced the emitted Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq, despite the load mode of generator. Further reduction of Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq emission was obtained when adding 1–3% acetone/water-containing acetone to waste-edible-oil biodiesel, and generally the more acetone/water-containing acetone addition the more Total-PAHs and Total-BaPeq reduction. Compared with D100, adding acetone/water-containing acetone to Biodieselhols decreased the mortality of organic solvent extraction of emission gas to U937, at both modes of generator load. Compared with W1, W3, W5, W10 and W20, adding 1–3% acetone/water-containing acetone to Biodieselhols further decreased the mortality of organic solvent extraction of emission gas to U937 as the generator was loaded at 3 kW. More acetone/water-containing acetone addition further reduced the mortality of organic solvent extraction of emission gas. The reduction of the mortality of organic solvent extraction of emission gas to U937 was in order WnWA3 > WnWA2 > WnWA1. Keyword : Diesel generator, Waste-edible-oil-biodiesel, Acetone,Isopropyl alcohol, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Cytotoxicity